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英语二2021年真题解析-阅读2 粮食自给自足
Text 2 英国粮食自给自足的模式
本文讨论了:英国粮食自给自足的模式。无法满足国内需求的问题，文章开篇提出，人口激增引发人们对粮食安全的关注，英国也不例外，随后引述一些人。关于恢复自给自足的观点，并借利兹大学的报告核对英国土地特征的分析，指出自给自足模式无法满足国内对肉类，奶制品以及农作物的需求。
第1段：粮食安全日益成为关注焦点。
1、表原因【 With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by 2050 ,and forecasts{ that agricultural production in some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace}】, food security is increasingly making headlines.
随着世界人口的预测，将要在2025年达到近10亿人，而且预测农业的食品生产在一些地区将会达到两倍的需求量，才能保持速度食品安全增加已经成为了一个头条。
2、In the UK,it has become a big talking point recently too,for a rather particular reason: Brexit.
最近在英国，由于脱欧这个相当特殊的理由，他也成为了一个热门的话题。
第2段：恢复自给自足的愿景
Brexit is seen by some as an opportunity {to reverse are recent trend}{ towards the UK importing food.} 有一些认为英国脱欧是一个机会对于扭转进口食品的趋势
The country produces only about 60 per cent of the food it eats, down from almost three-quarters in the late 1980s.该国的粮食产量只占其消费量的60%比20世纪世纪80年代末的75%更低
⭐A move back to self-sufficiency, the argument goes, would boost the farming industry, political sovereignty and even the nation's health.到自给自足的模式，将会推动农业发展、强化政治主权，甚至能够提高国民健康。
Sounds great - but how feasible is this vision ?听起来很棒但这一愿景的可行性度如何呢
第3段：英国国内对肉类和奶制品的所有需求无法得到满足。
⭐According to a report on UK food production from the University of Leeds ,85 percent of the country's total land area is associated with meat and dairy production.
根据报告对英国食品的生产来自于伦敦大学，在英国85%的乡村整个的土地，连接着食物和牛奶的生产。
That supplies 80 percent of what is consumed,so even covering the whole country in livestock farms wouldnt allow us to cover all our meat and dairy needs.
但他也只供应了消费总量的80%，所以即便全国都布满畜牧场，也无法满足人们对肉类与奶制品的所有需求。
第4段：
There are many caveats to those figures, but they are still grave.尽管对这些数据有不少的预先声明但形式依然严峻
To become much more self-sufficient, the UK would need to drastically reduce its consumption of animal foods,and probably also farm more intensively—meaning fewer green fields,and more factory-style production. 第2题干扰项出处
为了能够更加的自给自足，英国需要大幅度的减少动物食品的消费，可能还需要加强集约式耕作，这意味着绿地减少，工厂化生产增加。
第5段
But switching to a mainly plant-based diet wouldn't help. 不过转向素食为主的饮食也无济于事
⭐There is a good reason why the UK is dominated by animal husbandry: most of its terrain doesn't have the right soil or climate to grow crops on a commercial basis.
英国之所以以畜牧业为主，是有其充分理由的英国大部分的土地，没有合适的土壤和气候来进行商业种植。
Just 25 percent of the country's land is suitable for crop-growing,most of which is already occupied by arable fields.只有25%的国土师和种植农作物其中大部分已经备耕地占用
Even if we converted all the suitable land to fields of fruit and veg—which would involve taking out all he nature reserves and removing thousands of people from their homes—we would achieve only a 30 percent boost in crop production .即使我们将所有适宜种植的土地改造，包括所有的自然保护区，使成千上万的人千离家园，也只能实现农作物增长30%。
第6段
⭐Just 23 percent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currently home-grown,so even with the most extreme measures we could meet only 30 per cent of our fresh produce needs. 目前英国消费的水果和蔬菜只有23%是本土种植的
That is before we look for the space to grow the grains,sugars, seeds and oils that provide us with the vast bulk of our current calorie intake
.因此即使采取了极端的措施，在寻找空间种植谷物糖类种子，这些目前我们提供大部分热量的食物之前，我们也只能满足30%的新鲜农产品的需求。
26.Some people argue that food self-sufficiency in UK would_____. 一些人们争论这个食物自给自足在英国将会怎样？
[A] be hindered by its population growth ×无中生有
[B] become a priority of government × 无中生有
[C] pose a challenge to its farming industry × 反义错项 对农业产业的一个挑战 原文是boost增加
[D] contribute to the nation's well-being 提高国民的健康福利
答案∶D
27.The report by the university of leeds shows that in the UK_____.
[A] farmland has been inefficiently utilized 耕地利用低下 × 无中生有
[B] factory-style production needs reforming 工厂化生产需要改革 × 无中生有 干扰来自第4段末尾，不是题眼句，距离相差甚远，且原文没有说reform
[C] most land is used for meat and dairy production
[D] more green fields will be converted for farming × 来自第4段后，不是本题定位句。
答案:C
28.Grop-growing in the UK restricted due to_____.
[A] its farming technology 农业耕作技术
[B]its dietary tradition 饮食传统
[C] its natural conditions 自然条件
[D] its commercial interests 商业利益
答案∶C
29.It can be learned from the last paragraph that British people?
[A] rely largely on imports for fresh produce 对于新鲜食品的生产是靠大量的进口 原文 fruit and vegetables 同义替换 fresh produce
[B] enjoy a steady rise infrunt consumption 消费水果的数量稳步上升 × 无中生有
[C] are seeking effective ways to cut calorie intake 正在尝试种植新的谷物品种× 无中生有
[D] are trying to grow new varieties of gains 正寻找减少热量摄入的有效方法 原文谷物糖类提供大部分热量 并非说英国人寻找减少热量方法
答案∶A
30.The author's attitude to food self-efficiency in the UK is_____.
[A] defensive 防范的 没有提及
[B] tolerant 反义
[C] optimistic 反义
[D] doubtful 定位第2段第3句-4句 the argument goes一些人观点，sounds great- BUT表达否定
答案∶D
reverse 扭转
inefficiently 无效
utilized 利用
predict预测
forcast预测
talking point话题
trend趋势
sufficiency 充足
argument 论据
boost促进
sovereignty主权
feasible 可行的
vision 愿景
consume消费
livestock家畜
caveat 警告
grave严重的
self-sufficient自给自足
drastically急剧
consumption 消费
intensiveyly 集中地
swtich改变 转换
dominate 主导
husbandry农牧业
terrain地形
soil土壤
crop庄稼
arable可耕种
convert 转变
veg蔬菜
involve 包括
nuature reserve 自然保护区
grain 谷物
seed 种子
vast巨大的
bulk 大部分
intake 摄入
[img]2021年高考英语全国卷2 - 阅读理解A
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
世界上最大的体育场
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 8 A.Q., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world's best known stadium are continues to inform contemporary design. Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
从古希腊时代起，人们就开始涌入体育场。大约公元前8世纪，罗马人建造了罗马竞技场，它仍然是世界上最著名的体育场，并继续为当代设计提供参考。罗马斗兽场高157英尺，有80个入口，可容纳5万人。然而，与该市容纳约25万人的马克西姆斯马戏团相比，这只是小菜一碟。
These days, safety regulations-not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat-tend to keep stadium capacities slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
如今，安全法规（更不用说现代体育迷对良好视野和舒适座位的渴望）往往要求体育场容量小一些。就连足球迷也倾向于每人都有一个座位；数千人站着观看比赛的日子一去不复返了。
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
对于世界上最大的体育场，我们使用了迄今为止由World Atlas提供的数据，以下是根据其规定的永久容量的排名以及来自官方体育场网站的最新信息。
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
所有这些体育场都仍在运行、开放，举办世界最大的体育赛事。
2021年高考英语全国卷2 - 阅读理解C
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, foreing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
你听说过塑料正在污染海洋——每年有480万到1270万吨塑料进入海洋生态系统。但是，一根塑料吸管或杯子真的能带来变化吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·黄想让你知道这是真的。他用塑料垃圾建造了巨大的雕塑，让观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系。
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called“Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
今年年初，这位艺术家创作了一幅名为“Strawpocalypse”的作品，这是一对10英尺高的塑料波浪，凝结在半空，由从几次海滩清理志愿者中收集的168,000根塑料吸管制成，首次出现在越南胡志明市的埃斯黛拉广场购物中心。
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收利用。塑料吸管绝不是的塑料污染的最大来源，但最近它们受到了猛烈抨击，因为大多数人不需要用吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回收。冯·黄作品中的每一根吸管都可能来自一种只喝了几分钟的饮料。一旦饮料消失，吸管需要几个世纪才能消失。
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic, "Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped from a truck all at once.
在2018年的一篇文章中，冯·黄想举例说明具体的统计数据：每60秒，一卡车的塑料进入海洋。在这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品中，冯·黄和一群志愿者收集了1万多块塑料，然后将它们绑在一起，看起来像是突然从卡车上被倾倒了下来。
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
冯·黄希望他的工作也能帮助大公司减少塑料足迹。
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