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初三数学上期末调研测试卷及答案
对于初三数学期末考试的复习,制定计划做数学试题更有利于数学的学习和备考。
初三数学上期末调研测试卷
一、选择题(本题共有12小题,每小题3分,共36分,每小题有四个选项,其中只有一个是正确的)
1.sin60°的值是
A. B. C.1 D.
2.图1是一个球体的一部分,下列四个选项中是它的俯视图的是
3.用配方法解方程 ,下列配方正确的是
A. B.
C. D.
4.图2是我们学过的反比例函数图象,它的函数解析式可能是
A. B. C. D.
5.如图3,已知∠BAD=∠CAD,则下列条件中不一定能使
△ABD≌△ACD的是
A.∠B=∠C B.∠BDA=∠CDA
C.AB=AC D.BD=CD
6.过某十 字路口的汽车,它可能继续直行,也可能向左或向右转.若这三种可能性大小相同,则两辆汽车经过该十字路口全部继续直行的概率为
A. B. C. D.
7.矩形具有而菱形不具有的性质是
A.对角线互相平分 B.对角线互相垂直
C.对角线相等 D.是中心对称图形
8.关于二次函数 ,下列说法中正确的是
A.它的开口方向是向上 B.当x –1时,y随x的增大而增大
C.它的顶点坐标是(–2,3) D.当x = 0时,y有最小值是3
9.如图4,已知A是反比例函数 (x 0)图象上的一个
动点,B是x轴上的一动点,且AO=AB.那么当点A在图
象上自左向右运动时,△AOB的面积
A.增大 B.减小 C.不变 D.无法确定
10.如图5,已知AD是△ABC的高,EF是△ABC的中位线,
则下列结论中错误的是
A.EF⊥AD B.EF= BC
C.DF= AC D.DF= AB
11.某公司今年产值200万元,现计划扩大生产,使今后两年的产值都比前一年增长一个相同的百分数,这样三年(包括今年)的总产值就达到了1400万元.设这个百分数为x,则可列方程为
A.
B.
C.
D.
12.如图6,已知抛物线 与x轴分别交于A、B两点,顶点为M.将抛物线l1沿x轴翻折后再向左平移得到抛物线l2.若抛物线l2过点B,与x轴的另一个交点为C,顶点为N,则四边形AMCN的面积为
A.32 B.16 C.50 D.40
第二部分(非选择题,共64分)
二、填空题(每小题3分,共12分。)请把答案填在答题卷相应的表格里。
13.2011年深圳大运会期间,在一个有3000人的小区里,小明随机调查了其中的500人,发现有450人看深圳电视台的大运会晚间新闻.那么在该小区里随便问一人,他看深圳电视台的大运会晚间新闻的概率大约是答案请填在答题表内.
14.若方程 的一个根为1,则b的值为答案 请填在答题表内.
15.如图7,甲、乙两盏路灯相距20米,一天晚上,当小刚
从灯甲底部向灯乙底部直行16米时,发现自己的身影顶
部正好接触到路灯乙的底部,已知小刚的身高为1.6米,
那么路灯甲的高为答案请填在答题表内米.
16.如图8,四边形ABCD是边长为2的正方形,E是AD边上一点,将△CDE绕点C沿逆时针方向旋转至△CBF,连接EF交BC于点G.若EC=EG,则DE = 答案请填在答题表内.
三、解答题(本题共7小题,共52分)
17.(本题 5分)计算:
18.(本题5分)解方程:
19.(本题8分)如图9,等腰梯形ABCD中,AB//CD,AD = BC = CD,对角线BD⊥AD,DE⊥AB于E,CF⊥BD于F.
(1)求证:△ADE≌△CDF;(4分)
(2)若AD = 4,AE=2,求EF的长.(4分)
(1)转动该转盘一次,则指针指在红色区域内的概率为_______;
(2分)
(2)转动该转盘两次,如果指针两次指在的颜色能配成紫色(红
色和蓝色一起可配成紫色),那么游戏者便能获胜.请用列
表法或画树状图的方法求出游戏者能获胜的概率.(6分)
21.(本题8分)如图11,A、B、C是三座城市,A市在B市的正西方向.C市在A市北偏东60º的方向,在B市北偏东30º的方向.这三座城市之间有高速公路l1、l2、l3相互贯通.小亮驾车从A市出发,以平均每小时80公里的速度沿高速公路l2向C市驶去,3小时后小亮到达了C市.
(1)求C市到高速公路l1的最短距离;(4分)
(2)如果小亮以相同的速度从C市沿C→B→A的路线从高速公路返回A市.那么经过多长时间后,他能回到A市?(结果精确到0.1小时)( )(4分)
22.(本题9分)阅读材料:
(1)对于任意实数a和b,都有 ,∴ ,于是得到 ,当且仅当a = b时,等号成立.
(2)任意一个非负实数都可写成一个数的平方的形式。即:如果 ,则 .如:2= , 等.
例:已知a 0,求证: .
证明:∵a 0,∴
∴ ,当且仅当 时,等号成立。
请解答下列问题:
某园艺公司准备围建一个矩形花圃,其中一边靠墙(墙足够长),另外三边用篱笆围成(如图12所示).设垂直于墙的一边长为x米.
(1)若所用的篱笆长为36米,那么:
①当花圃的面积为144平方米时,垂直于墙的一边的长为多少米?(3分)
②设花圃的面积为S米2,求当垂直于墙的一边的长为多少米时,这个花圃的面积最大?并求出这个最大面积;(3分)
(2)若要围成面积为200平方米的花圃,需要用的篱笆最少是多少米?(3分)
23(本题9分)如图13-1,已知抛物线 (a≠0)与x轴交于A(–1,0)、B(3,0)两点,与y轴交于点C(0,3).
(1)求抛物线的函数表达式;(3分)
(2)若矩形EFMN的顶点F、M在位于x轴上方的抛物线上,一边EN在x轴上(如图13-2).设点E的坐标为(x,0),矩形EFMN的周长为L,求L的最大值及此时点E的坐标;(3分)
(3)在(2)的前提下(即当L取得最大值时),在抛物线对称轴上是否存在一点P,使△PMN沿直线PN折叠后,点M刚好落在y轴上?若存在,请求出所有满足条件的点P的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.(3分)
初三数学上期末调研测试卷答案
一、选择题(每小题3分,共36分)
BCBAD ACBCD DA
二、填空题(每小题3分,共12分)
13.0.9; 14. 4 ; 15. 8 ; 16.
三、解答题
17.解:原式 = 2分(每写对一个函数值得1分)
= 3–1 4分(每算对一个运算得1分)
= 2 5 分
18.解法一:移项得 1分
配方得
2分
即 或 3分
∴ , 5分
解法二:∵ , ,
∴ 1分
∴ 3分
∴ , 5分
解法三:原方程可化为 1分
∴x–1 = 0或x–3 = 0 3分
∴ , 5分
19.(1)证明:∵DE⊥AB,AB//CD
∴DE⊥CD
∴∠1+∠3=90º 1分
∵BD⊥AD
∴∠2+∠3=90º
∴∠1=∠2 2分
∵CF⊥BD,DE⊥AB
∴∠CFD=∠AED=90º 3分
∵AD=CD
∴△ADE≌△CDF 4分
(2)解:∵DE⊥AB,AE=2,AD=4
∴∠2=30º,DE= 5分
∴∠3=90º–∠2=60º
∵△ADE≌△CDF
∴DE=DF 6分
∴△DEF是等边三角形
∴EF=DF= 7分
(注:用其它方法解答的,请根据此标准酌情给分)
20.(1) 2分
红 黄 蓝
红 (红,红) (黄,红) (蓝,红)
黄 (红,黄) (黄,黄) (蓝,黄)
蓝 (红,蓝) (黄,蓝) (蓝,蓝)
(2)解:列表得
结果共有9种可能,其中能成紫色的有2种
∴P(获胜)=
(说明:第(2)小题中,列表可画树状图得4分,求出概率得2分,共6分)
21.(1)解:过点C作CD⊥l1于点D,则已知得 1分
AC=3×80=240(km),∠CAD=30º 2分
∴CD= AC= ×240=120(km)3分
∴C市到高速公路l1的最短距离是120km。4分
(2)解:由已知得∠CBD=60º
在Rt△CBD中,
∵sin∠CBD=
∴BC= 5分
∵∠ACB=∠CBD–∠CAB=60º–30º=30º
∴∠ACB=∠CAB=30º
∴AB=BC= 6分
∴t = 7分
答:经过约3.5小时后,他能回到A市。8分
(注:用其它方法解答的,请根据此标准酌情给分)
22.(1)解:由题意得 1分
化简后得
解得: , 2分
答:垂直于墙的一边长为6米或12米。 3分
(2)解:由题意得
S = 4分
= 5分
∵a =–20,∴当x = 9时,S取得最大值是162
∴当垂直于墙的一边长为9米时,S取得最大值,最大面积是162m2。6分
(3)解:设所需的篱笆长为L米,由题意得
7分
即: 8分
∴若要围成面积为200平方米的花圃,需要用的篱笆最少是40米,9分
23.(1)解:由题意可设抛物线为 1分
抛物线过点(0,3)
解得:a =–1 2分
抛物线的解析式为:
即: 3分
(2)解:由(1)得抛物线的对称轴为直线x = 1
∵E(x,0),
∴F(x, ),EN = 4分
∴
化简得 5分
∵–20,
∴当x = 0时,L取得最大值是10,
此时点E的坐标是(0,0) 6分
(3)解:由(2)得:E(0,0),F(0,3),M(2,3),N(2,0)
设存在满足条件的点P(1,y),
并设折叠后点M的对应点为M1
∴ NPM=NPM1=90,PM=PM1
PG = 3–y,GM=1,PH = | y |,HN = 1
∵∠NPM=90º
∴
∴
解得: ,
∴点P的坐标为(1, )或(1, )7分
当点P的坐标为(1, )时,连接PC
∵PG是CM的垂直平分线,∴PC=PM
∵PM=PM1,∴PC=PM=PM1
∴∠M1CM = 90º
∴点M1在y轴上8分
同理可得当点P的坐标为(1, )时,点M1也在y轴上9分
故存在满足条件的点P,点P的坐标为(1, )或(1, )
(说明:能正确求出一个点的坐标并能说明点M刚好落在y轴上,得2分)
[img]初三英语教学质量调研试卷带答案
初三英语教学质量调研试卷
一、选择填空(共25小题;每小题1分,满分25分)
A)单项填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. You can try_______ second time if you fail_______ first time.
A the; the B. a; the C. the; a D. a; a
2. --- We‘ll visit the Summer Palace_______ there is a heavy rain tomorrow.
--- OK ! Boating on the lake must be interesting.
A unless B. since C. until D. if
3. -- I will buy you a new bike if you learn how to swim this summer.
-- Is that a _______? I‘m sure I‘ll get the bike.
A. chance B. trick C. promise D. treat
4. --- The dish looked bad, but it_______ OK.
--- So it‘s not right to judge a man by his appearance.
A tastes B. was tasting C. was tasted D. tasted
5. --- No one_______ be compared with Messi in playing football.
--- Oh, you are really his big fan.
A. might B. could C. must D. can
6. There are a small number of people involved, possibly_______ ten
A as few as B. as little as C. as many as D. as much as
7. Arthur‘s memory starts to go wrong because of his age. So does_______.
A. I B. mine C. me D. myself
8. --- What do you often do_______ classes to relax yourselves?
--- We often do eye exercises, listen to music or do some running around the school.
A. in B. among C. between D. during
9. --_______ will you stay here?
--- Until tomorrow afternoon.
A How long B. How soon C. When D. How often
10. --- Did you watch the snooker game yesterday?
-- Yes, I did. Xiao Guodong is really a dark horse. Nobody _______ him to go so far.
A supposed B. hoped C. expected D. wanted
11. _______ a book in the library, enter a key word into the computer.
A To finding B. Finding C. Find D. To find
12. --- I‘m tired. I‘m taking next week off.
---_______, honey. You do need a break.
A. Not so sure B. Forget it C. Great idea D. No way
13. With the development of science and technology, news can be_______ to every corner of the world in seconds.
A put out B. sent out C. run out D. taken out
14. --- She‘s never spoken to a foreigner, _______?
--- Yes. She is active and can speak English freely.
A is she B. has she C. isn‘t she D. hasn‘t she
15. --- How soon will you start your journey?
--- I‘m not sure. I haven‘t decided_______.
A. when shall I ask the boss for leave
B. where I will go to spend the holiday
C. if I would go by train or by plane
D. who should I travel with
B)完形填空 先通读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后在每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
While I was waiting to enter university, I saw an advertisement in a newspaper –a teaching job wanted at a school. The school was about ten miles from where I lived. I was in great 16 of money and wanted to do something useful, so I 17 .
Three days later, a letter arrived. It asked me to meet the principal of the school at Croydon. It proved to be a(n) 18 journey -a train to Croydon station, a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of 19 a quarter of a mile.
A man who was short and round seemed to be the principal and he opened the door for me. 'The school,' he said, 'has a group of twenty-four boys between seven and thirteen years old.' According to the man, I should have to teach all the subjects 20 art, which the man himself taught. I should have to 21 the class into three groups and teach them at three different levels, and I was not glad at the 22 of teaching Maths -a subject which I wasn‘t good at. It was 23 that I had to teach them on Saturday afternoon because most of my friends would be 24 themselves at that time.
Before I had time to ask about my 25 ,the man got up to his feet. 'Now,' he said,“You‘d better meet my wife. She is the one who really runs this school.”
16.A. fear B. need C. danger D. control
17.A. applied B. arranged C announced D. accepted
18.A comfortable B. boring C short D. unpleasant
19.A at first B. at most C at least D. at last
20.A. besides B. except C including D. about
21.A. cut B. divide C turn D. gather
22.A. action B. way C movement D. thought
23.A. worse B. better C harder D. nicer
24.A helping B. believing C enjoying D. losing
25.A. fund B. value C. award D. pay
二、阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Once upon a time, an old woman had two large water pots. Each hung on the end of a pole(杆子)which she carried across her neck.
One of the pots had a crack in it while the other pot was perfect, From the river to the house, the cracked pot arrived only half full. And the other pot was always full. The perfect pot took pride in its talent. But the poor cracked pot felt sad for its own disadvantage.
One day by the river the cracked pot said to the woman, 'I feel bad about myself, because the crack in me causes water to come out all the way back to your house.”
The old woman smiled and said, 'Why are there flowers on your side of the road, but not on the other pot‘s side? That‘s because I have always known about your crack. So I planted flowers on your side of the road, and every day while we walk back, you water them. For two years I have been able to pick these beautiful flowers to decorate my house, There would not be this beauty without you. Each of us has our own cracks. But the cracks make our lives so interesting and beautiful.'
So, to all the cracked pot friends, have a great day and remember to smell the flowers on your side of the road!
26. If each of the two pots could be filled with 20 kilos of water, the woman would probably get _______ kilos of water from the river to the house.
A 10 B. 20 C. 30 D. 40
27. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A The woman preferred the perfect pot to the cracked pot.
B. The cracked pot felt more talented than the perfect pot.
C. There were beautiful flowers on both sides of the road.
D. The old woman decorated her house with some flowers.
28. What can we learn from the story?
A Everyone has a talent.
B. A true friend is hard to find.
C. Success never comes easily.
D. Mistakes improve our learning,
B
Have you ever had an embarrassing(尴尬的)experience? Last week we asked readers to tell us about embarrassing experiences. We received thousands of letters! Here is a selection.
Tony:
My most embarrassing experience happened when I had just left university. I had just started teaching in a Liverpool secondary school. One morning my alarm clock didn‘t ring. I woke up at half past eight and school began at nine. I quickly washed, dressed, jumped into my car and rushed to school. When I arrived, the students had already gone into class. I didn‘t go to the office, but went straight into class. After two or three minutes the students began laughing, and I couldn‘t understand why! Suddenly I looked down and understood. I had put on one black shoe and one brown shoe!
Henry:
The most embarrassing experience I‘ve ever had, happened two years ago. After seeing a film, my wife and I had lunch in our favourite restaurant in town. Then we decided to take a walk along the street. The street was very busy and we started holding hands. Suddenly my wife saw a dress that she liked in a shop window, and stopped. I started looking at some watches in the next window. After a minute or two I reached for my wife‘s hand. There was a loud scream, and a woman slapped my face. I hadn‘t taken my wife‘s hand. I‘d taken the hand of a complete stranger!
James:
My wife and I had decided to buy a new house, and I‘d made an appointment to see our bank manager. I‘d never met him before. I went into town in my car and I was lucky enough to find a parking space outside the bank. I‘d just started reversing(倒车) into the space when another car made its way into it. I was irritated! I opened my window and shouted at the man in the car. He ignored me and walked away. It took me twenty minutes to find another place. As soon as I had parked the car, I rushed back to the bank. I was ten minutes late for my appointment. I went to the manager‘s office, knocked and walked in. The manager was sitting behind his desk. He was the man who had taken my parking space!
29. The students began laughing when they saw Tony_______.
A. wearing a wrong shoe B. carrying an alarm clock
C. looking down suddenly D. rushing into the classroom
30. Henry was embarrassed because he_______.
A slapped the woman in the face
B. took the hand of a complete stranger
C. heard his wife screaming in the street
D. knocked over some watches in the shop
31. James went into town to_______.
A. put money in the bank B. look for a job
C. meet the bank manager D. buy a new car
32. The underlined word 'irritated' probably means '_______ '.
A. angry B. impolite C. worried D. embarrassed
C
Roosegaarde, an artist and designer from Dutch has thought of a device(装置). He hopes it will make Beijing‘s sky clear again and help the people with masks breathe fresh air again in Beijing.
An electromagnetic field(电磁场) will pull the dirty particles in the air to the ground, and then they can be easily cleaned.
Roosegaarde says, 'It‘s like when you have a balloon which has static electricity(静电) and your hair goes toward it. Smog happens the same way as the hair.'
His workplace has reached an agreement with the Beijing government to test the technology in one of the capital‘s parks. Beijing‘s skies are regularly covered by grey smog. Serious cases of air pollution are often reported in Beijing. Roosegaarde says an indoor test has already shown it works well and he is confident of the results. With the help of a team of scientists and engineers, he is sure that the device can be worked outside.
'Beijing is a very good place to test the device because the smog in Beijing is quite low and there‘s not so much wind.' says Roosegaarde. 'We‘ll be able to make the air pure but the most difficult thing is to remove the smog. As a result, you can see the sun again.'
Roosegaarde also reminds us that his aim is not only to give a plan to solve Beijing‘s dirty air pollution but also to make people pay attention to the environment problem. He adds, 'This is not the real answer for smog. The real answer to do with it is clean cars, different industry and different lifestyles. ' However, he hopes the project will make the citizens realize the differences between clean air and smog-filled air.
33. The device works by_______.
A helping keep the particles out with more masks
B. pulling particles to the ground with an electromagnetic field
C. absorbing hair with a balloon with static
D. creating clean air and letting it out into the sky
34. What does Roosegaarde use his device for?
A To make smog. B. To make the air clean
C. To make static electricity. D. To make Beijing‘s parks beautiful.
35. After reading the passage, we can know_______.
A the device doesn‘t work well indoors
B. the people with masks can breathe fresher air
C. Beijing government agreed to test the device
D. clean cars aren‘t helpful to the environment in Beijing
36. Roosegaarde hopes people in Beijing can_______.
A pay attention to air pollution and solve the problem finally
B. invent more devices to clean the smog in Beijing
C. drive modern cars and try different lifestyles
D. realize how serious the pollution they‘re facing is
D
According to scientists‘ research, the month in which babies are born could affect them in some ways.
Babies born in spring get sick easily. Children born under Aquarius may be less clever than those born in other seasons. They may also have shorter lives than those born in autumn Scientists believe many of the differences can be explained by the mother‘s exposure to sunlight in pregnancy(怀孕). Sunlight helps lead to the production of Vitamin D in the body. The lack of this in the first months of life may have a bad effect on mental and physical health.
Vitamin D, called the 'sunshine vitamin', is known to help regulate(调节) thousands of genes during development, according to a study of more than two million people. So Vitamin D has a good effect on health This study showed that people born from April to June had slightly shorter lives than those born in October, November or December. Similar studies in the USA showed that people born in autumn lived about 160 days longer than those born in spring.
Professor Russell Foster, an Oxford University neuroscientist on seasonal biology, said the conclusions were surprising and interesting. He added, 'These are small effects but they are very, very clear. I am not giving voice to star signs and they are just for fun. But it is true that we are affected by our season of birth.'
37.A baby‘s season of birth doesn‘t affect its_______.
A health B height C length of life D. mind
38. According to the passage,_______ can help people get Vitamin D.
A. enough sleep B. enough sunlight
C fresh air D. suitable seasons
39. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. People born in spring may not be in good health.
B. Children born under Aquarius are cleverer than those born under Libra.
C. Professor Russell Foster is interested in star signs and believes in them
D. People born in May will live longer than those born in October.
40. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. People can know the length of life by star sign.
B. Women should choose to give birth to children in spring.
C A child‘s season of birth has some effect on him or her.
D. Vitamin D is very important to people‘s health.
第II卷(非选择题,共45分)
三、单词拼写(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
根据下列句子所给汉语注释或对话情景,在答题卡标有题号的'横线上,写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
41. It‘s doubtful ▲ (是否)there‘ll be any seats left or not.
42. The notice at the end of the road ▲ (警告)people not to go any further.
43. Hopefully, those climbers have covered ▲ (五分之四)of the distance.
44. The ▲ (热)in the room makes me uncomfortable,
45. Without enough sleep you can‘t work ▲ (正常地).
46. There seems to be a huge balloon ▲ (漂浮)across the sky.
47. As the curtain ▲ (上升)slowly, the audience fell silent.
48.---Judy, I guess you are only twenty-five years old, is that true?
---Oh, it‘s a ▲ .
49.-Could you please ▲ us with some new information about MH370?
-Of course. Anyway, it is a sad story.
50.---It will be my turn. I feel a little ▲ .
---Take it easy. You can make it.
四、句子翻译(共5小题;每小题3分,满分15分)
将下列句子译成英语,并将所译句子写在答题卡标有题号的横线上。
51.骑自行车环绕苏州是多么有乐趣啊!
52.他离开得如此匆忙,以至于忘了锁门。
53.别担心,你不久就会习惯他的幽默感。
54.你注意到我们教室的墙被涂成了白色吗?
55.用英语回答这个问题你有困难吗?
五、书面表达(共1题;满分20分)
一个民族有自己的“民族梦”,一个国家有自己的“国家梦”,同样,每个人也应有属于自己的“美丽梦想”。最近,你班就“我们的梦想职业”展开了一次调查。下表是你们小组的调查情况。请根据表格内容写一篇英语短文,向英语校刊投稿。
注意:1. 100词左右。短文的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;
2.不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息;
3.可在必要处作适当发挥。
Our Dream Jobs
Recently we did a survey in our class in order to learn about students‘ ideal jobs. Here‘s a report about my group members‘ ideas.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
初三英语教学质量调研试卷参考答案
初中九年级历史一模试卷及参考答案
知识超越教会的垄断、大学扩大,使不属于教会的知识分子阶层集散地从属于教会的学者角色,军队和航海使得国王的权力大大膨胀,视野的扩大使原来的知识思想框架无法解释面前的一切,因此引起怀疑旧思想和寻求新知识。下面给大家带来一些关于初中 九年级历史 一模试卷及参考答案,希望对大家有所帮助。
试卷试题
第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共20分)
1.下面图片中的历史文物上均有文字,这些文字
“司(后)母戊”方鼎(局部)
汉谟拉比法典石柱
实施陶片放逐法时使用的陶片
A.完整呈现了汉字的演变过程 B.有印证历史史实的作用
C.都体现了封建中央集权制度 D.均以隶书字体进行呈现
2. 被誉为欧洲民法的基础,奠定了后世西方大陆法系基础的拜占庭法律文献是
A. 《汉莫拉比法典》 B.《查士丁尼法典》
C.《十二铜表法》 D.《权利请愿书》
3.某社团开展“2019年历史周年 热点 ”主题探究活动,请观察他们收集的下列两幅图片,它们所起到的共同作用是
议会
攻占巴士底狱
A.实现了民族独立 B.建立了君主立宪政体
C.使民主共和思想广为传播 D.促进了资本主义的发展
4.联合国教科文组织曾宣布,每年8月23日为“废除奴隶贸易国际纪念日”。15世纪起,欧洲殖民者就在进行着罪恶的奴隶贸易。下列表述正确的是
A.它的路线是美洲→非洲→欧洲→美洲
B.它使非洲丧失了大量精壮劳力
C.它为非洲输送了大量劳动力
D.它给印第安人带来了巨大的财富
5.甘地、凯末尔都被本国人民尊称为“国父”。二人所领导的独立运动最大的不同点在于
A.是否发生于十月革命后 B.是否由政党组织领导独立
C.是否采用暴力斗争手段 D.是否沉重打击了帝国主义
6.以下内容可以直接用来探究明治维新的
A.背景 B.内容 C.性质 D.影响
7.19世纪五六十年代,英国确立“世界工厂”的地位,但到19世纪末20世纪初,世界贸易却出现了多个中心的格局。出现这一变化的重要原因是()
A.英国海外殖民地大幅减少
B.第二次工业革命的迅速开展
C.自由贸易政策的普遍推行
D.各国经济发展的不平衡加剧
8.有的学者认为:危机并不一定就绝对是一件不好的事情。“危机”这个词本身就包含着“危害”和“机会”两层含义。下列史实不能验证这一结论的是
A.面对经济危机的打击,美国罗斯福推行“新政”
B.面对国内经济困难和政治危机,苏俄实行新经济政策
C.面对经济危机的打击,德国走上了法西斯道路
D.面对幕府统治的危机,日本通过改革走上资本主义道路
9.下表是20世纪初德国汽车工业的发展状况。这些数据说明了德国
A.汽车工业成为新的经济增长点
B.正在进行充分的战争准备
C.政府全面干预推动汽车业发展
D.轻重工业的比例严重失调
10.人类历史发展进程中,出现过一幕幕“解放”的宏大篇章。某历史兴趣小组围绕这一主题进行了研究性学习活动,在展示交流中他们形成了下面几种认识,其中表述有误的是
11.“农民在改革中分到的土地,按1861年的市价计算,仅值6.5亿卢布,但到1905年为止,农民共交付了20亿卢布。”下列材料中最符合材料观点的是
A.“为结束俄国百年来的落后状况,起了重大的历史作用。”
B.“与其等农民自下而上来解放自己,不如自上而下解放农民。”
C.“它是俄国腾飞”
D.“农民获得自由的时候,已经被剥夺的一干二净了。”
12.时空观念是历史学科核心素养之一,某同学制作了两次世界大战相关事件的时空简表。请找出有错误的
13.读图,下列表述正确的是
A.①——赢得了国家独立,确立了共和整体
B.②——召开制宪会议,首届联邦政府成立
C.③——内战宣告结束,维护了国家的统一
D.④——向日本投放原子弹,加速日本投降
14.前苏联国歌《牢不可破的联盟》中唱到:“伟大俄罗斯,永久的联盟;独立共和国,自由结合成。各民族意志,建立的苏联。……伟大的列宁,指明了前程。斯大林教导,要忠于人民;并激励我们,去建立功勋。”我们从国歌中不能得到的信息是
A. 十月革命鼓舞了殖民地人民解放运动
B. 各族人民自愿加入苏维埃共和国联盟C. 列宁对社会主义道路的探索成就显著
D. 斯大林模式促成经济建设的辉煌成就
15.2018年可以称之为中国的“非洲年”,推动了中非关系大发展。历史上的1960年被称为“非洲年”,是因为
A. 这一年是非洲独立运动的开始
B. 这一年非洲有17个国家宣告独立
C. 这一年非洲的重要国家埃及宣告独立
D. 这一年,殖民统治在非洲终结
16.1860年美国总统竞选的主题是:“联邦必须而且将会得到保留”;1943 年的《开罗宜言》明确要求:“日本所窃据的中国领土,如中国东北、台湾和澎湖列岛等,必须归还中国”;1978年《中美建交公报》发表,美国公开承认“只有一个中国,台湾是中国的一部分”。以上材料说明的共同主题是
A.实现民族独立 B.维护国家统一
B.C.中美关系友好 D.台湾是中国的领土
17.2019年是诺曼底登陆75周年,下列关于此次战役表述不正确的是
A.登陆的是以美英军队为主的盟军
B.使德国陷入东西夹击中
C.开辟了欧洲第二个战场
D.迫使意大利法西斯政权垮台
18.某班同学开展主题探究活动,请三位历史教师分别作了《美苏冷战局面的形成和发展》、《“一超多强”的形成》、《世界多极化的发展趋势》的专题 报告 。你认为该班探究活动的主题应是
A.“二战”后西方主要国家的发展变化
B.亚非拉国家的独立与振兴
C.“二战”后世界格局的演变
D.世界殖民体系崩溃
19.科索沃战争是美国利用苏联解体之机,企图实现由其主宰国际秩序的称霸战争.这场战争
A.促使多极化格局形成 B.是对多极化趋势的挑战
C.使中东和平受到威胁 D. 强化了联合国主导作用
20.-在召开的两院院士大会上讲话指出“要将互联网、大数据、人工智能与实体经济深度融合,提升我国经济发展的动能,优化经济发展结构”。这说明A.第一次工业革命的成果已经落伍
B.第二次科技革命的成果不能引领新时代经济的发展
C.第三次科技革命各领域相互渗透,将深远影响我国经济的发展
D. 传统 文化 不断创新才能体现其时代价值
第Ⅱ卷(非选择题,共30分)
21.(6分)阅读下列材料,回答问题。
材料一 大多数文艺复兴时期的艺术和文学关注的中心都是人——文艺复兴时期的新人,他或她是自身命运的塑造者,而不是超自然力量的玩物,人们不需要专心于超自然的力量,相反,生活的目的是为了发展自身所固有的潜能。
——斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》
材料二 当苏俄决定实行某经济政策时有人吼道:“列宁要把我们带到哪里去?”列宁回答:“退一步,进两步”
材料三 1933年,罗斯福就任美国总统,他面对严重的经济危机,推行新政,……所谓“新”指的是(美国)抛弃了自1776年以来所确定的自由放任、自由竞争的基本原则,实现国家对经济生活的全面干预和调节。
(1)材料一反映的是什么思想?(1分)文艺复兴首先兴起于哪一个国家?(1分)
(2)根据材料二并结合所学知识,苏俄决定实行的经济政策是什么?(1分)结合所学知识分析这一政策是如何体现“退一步,进两步”的?(1分)
(3)根据材料三,指出罗斯福新政有何创新之处?(1分)
(4)根据以上材料, 说说 促进社会发展的因素有哪些?(1分)
22.(7分)阅读下列材料,回答问题。
材料一
19世纪日本的新式学校 东京到横滨的第一条铁路开通
材料二
日军空袭路线示意图
材料三 第二次世界大战后,日本实行国民经济非军事化政策。其 教育 经费支出在国民收入中的比重日渐升高,名列资本主义国家之首。面对战后初期,科技落后的局面,政府密切关注世界科技发展的最新动向,甚至利用“产业间谍”来获取科技情报资料,……20世纪80年代,日本一跃成为世界经济强国。
(1)材料一中日本的变化主要得益于什么?(1分)材料二所示的军事行动是什么?(1分)
(2)综合上述材料,简要对比推动日本两次崛起的因素的异同。(3分)
(3)综上,你从日本的两次崛起中可以获取哪些启示。(2分)
23.(6分)正确处理国家间的关系,有利于维护世界和平稳定。根据要求,完成下 面相 关问题。
【寻找同盟】是国际关系中常见的力量整合方式。下图所反映的两种局面分别是在什么背景下出现的?(3分)
图一 三国同盟和三国协约 图二 北大西洋公约组织和华沙条约组织
【建立组织】是当今世界协调利益、化解分歧的重要方式。根据下列提示信息,写 出国 际组织的名称。(2分)
24. (6分)大国兴衰很大程度上取决于它们在时间长河中“驾驶航船”的技能和 经验 。英、美、德都是当今世界有影响力的国家,探究它们的崛起里程,回答问题。
材料一 英国用光荣革命的非暴力手段,建立了一种新的政治制度……新制度营造出一种宽松、自由和开放的环境。否则,就难以想象,英国社会如何能在18、19世纪和平地实现现代化。
——钱乘旦《世界现代化历程》
材料二 在十九世纪后期,落后于英国和法国技术的美国技术,突然获得了大发展,并以电灯、打字机、电话以及三样革命性进展——电、汽车和飞机而改变了世界。
——沃尔特·拉斐伯《美国世纪》
材料三 工业4.0是由德国政府在《德国2020高技术战略》中所提出的十大未来项目之一。“工业4.0”项目主要包含:“智能工厂”“智能生产”“智能物流”三部分。德国政府提出“工业4.0”战略,其目的是为了提高德国工业的竞争力,建立一个高度灵活的个性化和数字化的生产模式,将制造业向智能化转型。在新一轮工业革命中占领先机。
请回答:
(1)阅读材料一并结合所学知识,指出“英国是如何在18、19世纪和平地实现现代化”的?(2分)
(2)根据材料二并结合所学知识回答,美国“革命性进展”得益于哪一次技术革命?(1分)美国进行这次技术革命的政治条件是什么?(1分)
(3)德国“一战”后被削弱,“二战”后成为了二三流国家,但今天的德国再次崛起,请你分析其“二战”后再次崛起的原因。(1分)
(4)结合所学知识,围绕大国崛起,拟定一个研究主题,并说明支持这一主题的理由。(1分)
25.(5分)请对比下面图片反映的历史信息并结合所学知识,写一篇80~100字的小短文。(要求:题目自拟,史实正确,语句通顺,表述完整,体现两幅图片内容之间的比较及联系)
万隆会议
欧共体成立
参考答案
1-5 BBDBC 6-10 ABCAC
11-15DACAB 16-20 BDCCC
21.(1)思想:人文主文。(1分)国家:意大利。(1分)
(2)政策:新经济政策。
“退一步”指的是通过允许多种经济并存,发展商品经济等来恢复国民经济
“进两步”指的是苏俄最终要走社会主义道路。
(3)加强国家対经济的干预。(1分)
(4)思想解放:制度创新;促进社会发展的改革。(答出任意一点即可得1分,围绕题意,言之有理亦可给分。)
22.(1)明治维新。(1分)日军偷袭珍珠港。(1分)
(2)同:都重视科技和教育。(1分)
异:明治维新后日本对外侵略扩张最终失败;第二次世界大战后日本实行国民经济的非军事化政策,成为世界强国。(2分,言之成理即可)
(1)科技创新的大国崛起的动力;和平发展是大国崛起的正确选择。(1分,符合题意即可)
23.(1)图一:第二次工业革命后,主要资本主义国家先后进入帝国主义阶段,帝国主义国家出现了政治经济发展的不平衡;(1分)后起的国家要求重新分割世界和划分势力范围,与老牌的帝国主义国家展开激烈争夺,争夺霸权的结果,形成了两大对立的军事集团。(1分)
图二:第二次世界大战后,美国成为世界上军事、经济实力最强大的国家,称霸世界的野心日益膨胀,二战后强大起来的社会主义国家苏联成为美国实现野心的障碍,为了遏制苏联为首的社会主义阵营,美国出台冷战政策,在军事上成立了北大西洋公约组织;(1分)面对冷战攻势,为了对抗北约,苏联和东欧社会主义国家成立华沙条约组织。(1分)
(2)①联合国;(1分)②世界贸易组织。(1分)
24.(1)较早进行了资产阶级革命,建立了君主立宪制;(1分)率先开始了工业革命;成为当时最大的殖民帝国。(1分)
(2)第二次工业革命;(1分)政治条件:南北战争维护了国家统一,废除了黑人奴隶制度。(1分)
(3)进行制度创新;进行科技创新;维护国家统一;重视教育;抓住历史发展机遇等。(任一点即可1分)
(4)任一角度即可1分
(机遇与国家崛起——美国在两次世界大战中利用中立地位掌握世界经济霸权。
和平与国家崛起——改革开放以来,中国综合国力不断提高,国际影响力逐步增大;美国建国以来形势稳定,未遭受两次世界大战的破坏。
开放与国家崛起——英国、美国大力拓展世界市场,中国积极融入经济全球化。
民族文化与国家崛起——西方国家受人文主义思想的影响,勇于探索,勇于进取等。)
25.题目1分:冲击两极格局的力量、多元道路的探索与发展等
1955年,万隆会议召开,促进了亚非各国的团结与合作,有效提高了被压迫民族和人民的民族自信心,推动了亚、非、拉人民争取独立自强的进程。(1分)20世纪60年代,欧共体成立,促进了成员国经济的发展和国际地位的提升。(1分)。在背景上,前者主要是二战后殖民体系的崩溃,反殖民主义斗争兴起;后者主要由于二战导致欧洲衰落,美苏崛起;在主导国家上,前者中国发挥了重要作用,后者法国和德国发挥关键作用;(1分)在影响上,二者都冲击了两极格局,推动了多极化趋势的发展(1分)。
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