三年级下册一线调研卷答案(一线调研卷三年级下册语文)

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[好文转载]数学阅读——让数学课程更有魅力

      小学数学课程,总体而言,思维要求比较高,知识结构严谨抽象,因而常常给人一种“高冷”的感觉,加之数学教学依然侧重于知识技能的传授,大量充斥着“训练性学习”,做题几乎成了学生数学学习的唯一。这种“印象”和做法对于发展学生的数学素养、丰富学生对数学的积极情感体验是不利的。因此,在小学教育阶段,通过课程创新,展现数学课程“有趣”“好玩”的一面,让学生始终保持对数学世界的好奇心和求知欲,丰富学生对数学学科和数学学习的认识,就显得尤为重要。

      另外,在教学中经常发现许多学生在解题中发生错误是缘于对题意的理解出现了偏差,只需在教师的指导下重新阅读,学生就会发现错误并改正。为什么会出现这种状况呢?究其原因,这与学生的不良阅读习惯有关,只是一目十行地浏览题目,而非逐字逐句地分析数量关系,出现错误或解题障碍自然是难免的!教学实践也表明,数学语言发展水平低的学生,课堂上对数学语言的敏感性差,思维转换慢,理解问题时经常出现障碍和错误。前苏联数学教育家斯托利亚尔指出:“数学教学也就是数学语言的教学”。教学生学习数学,必须重视数学阅读能力的培养。

      基于此,笔者在教学中尝试开发了“数学阅读课”课程。所谓“数学阅读课”,是为了追求“数学好玩”,促进数学阅读能力的提升而开发的一种数学新课型。“数学阅读课”课程的价值取向是兴趣、过程和体验,即立足于培养学生学习数学、研究数学的兴趣;立足于让学生在数学阅读过程中积累数学活动经验,提高数学阅读能力和数学思维品质;立足促进学生形成良好的数学观和数学意识,具有积极的数学情感体验;立足于拓宽学生的数学视野,感受数学的魅力。

一、“数学阅读课”课程的设计原则

1.数学阅读课追求“数学好玩”

      “数学好玩”是数学大师陈省身先生为少年儿童的题词。数学阅读课注重挖掘数学的趣味性和奇妙性,精心选取学生感兴趣的、能启发思考、开阔视野的学习材料,让学生边阅读边思考,在思考中体会“数学好玩”,在阅读中开拓眼界,增长见识。比如,在学习“比的认识”时,笔者设计了以“阿姨为什么喜欢穿高跟鞋”为核心问题的数学阅读课,让学生在阅读、思考、讨论中了解“阿姨穿高跟鞋是为了延长双腿长度,使其与身高的比例趋于黄金比0.618:1”。数学阅读使枯燥的数学知识和生活实际联系在一起,学生对知识的理解就更透彻,对数学价值的体会就更深刻。再如,学习“因数与倍数”时,笔者开发了“猜数游戏”的数学阅读课,不仅在游戏中培养了学生的推理能力,更因其“在游戏中学习”令学生着迷不已,“猜数游戏”竟成了孩子们在课间玩耍时乐此不疲的玩乐节目。有了这样的乐趣体验,喜欢数学的情感种子就在学生的内心扎下了根。

2.数学阅读课要把握好数学阅读的特点

      “数学阅读课”课程的内容选择、材料设计和教学实施都要把握好数学阅读自身的特点,遵循其内在规律。数学阅读和一般阅读一样,是对文字语言、数学符号、公式、图表等阅读材料感知、理解和记忆的一个完整的心理活动过程。又由于数学语言的抽象性与严谨性,数学阅读又具有自身的特点:

      其一,数学阅读是一种十分精确的阅读。在数学阅读时,必须了解数学材料中出现的每个数学术语和数学符号的精确含义。如果忽视或略去某一个字词,很可能就谬以千里,比如“增加了8米”和“增加到8米”、“剪去1/4米”和“剪去 1/4”等等。因此,数学阅读要咬文嚼字的阅读,而不能一目十行、囫囵吞枣的阅读。

      其二,数学阅读是一种思考性的阅读。数学阅读过程就是理解和领悟数学语言的过程,包括丰富多彩的符号语言、严谨规范的文字语言、内涵深刻的图形语言等。因此,不能只是用眼睛浏览,而应是边读边圈画关键词、绘制符号或图画等方法帮助理解,养成读中去想、想中去读的习惯。

      其三,数学阅读需要进行“内部言语转化”。在数学阅读时,大脑必须建立起灵活的语言转化机制,即把抽象、难懂的阅读内容转化为易于接受的语言形式,比如,把数学术语转化成生活化的语言;把文字语言转化为简洁的符号语言或直观的图形语言;将严谨抽象的数学问题“换种说法”等等。

3.数学阅读课要“以学习为中心”

      数学阅读课的教学效益在于增强对数学语言的理解,在于数学活动经验的积累,以及自己的发现和分享。而这一切,都不应该也不可能仅仅通过讲解、提问和讨论来实现,必须基于自主阅读,基于经历过程,基于思考与交流。因此,数学阅读课的教学实施必须“以学习为中心”。首先,教师要发自内心地把学生作为数学研究者对待,给学生的阅读、探究、交流留出充足的时间和空间,鼓励学生独立阅读、多遍阅读,不要轻易干预学生的阅读学习过程。其次,要设计好“问题串”,以疑导读。“学启于思,思启于问”。学生在启发性问题的引领下,在阅读、实践、探索、思考、交流中逐步摸索,尝试寻找答案。第三,重视同伴间的数学交流。特别是当学生在研究过程中“一筹莫展”之时,经过教师的引导、同学之间的交流,使问题得到解决,能使学生品尝到独立阅读的快感与解惑之后的成就感,促进学生养成不依赖、不畏难,独立阅读的良好习惯。

二、“数学阅读课”课程的内容设置

      “数学阅读课”在课程内容的选择上应该建立大数学、大教育的理念,目的是埋下“种子”,而不必过于追求即时的收获。笔者在实践中将以下几个方面作为“数学阅读课”课程内容选择的重要源泉。

1.精选适合学生自学的教材内容

      在实际教学中,一线教师习惯于把教材中的精髓挖掘出来,又通过自己的理解表达给学生,进而忽视对学生阅读数学教材的能力和习惯的培养,似乎阅读数学教材仅仅是老师的事儿。不知不觉中,那些本应该在阅读过程中形成的阅读能力和思考能力,在教师的越俎代庖中渐行渐远。因此,要重视学生对数学教科书的阅读和理解,充分利用教科书的阅读价值。

      比如,“正比例”的教学,笔者使用的北京版教材内容丰富、图文并茂、层次清晰,有利于学生在比较、辨析中理解正比例的意义,比较适合学生自学。

      笔者采取“先自学后交流”的方式进行教学,并有意识、有针对性地渗透阅读方法指导,设计自学导语如下:

(1)自学课本时有什么看不懂、想不明白的地方吗?请在书上标注,并写出自己的疑问。

(2)想一想:例2中“路程与时间”的关系和例1中“年龄与身高”、“月份与气温”的关系相比,有什么相同点和不同点?

(3)在书上圈画出“正比例关系”的含义,你能概括成正比例关系需要符合哪几个条件吗?

      在学生充分自学教材的基础上,组织学生交流,教师在学生困惑处释疑,在知识关键处追问,并引导学生学会从教材中寻找答案,学会用自己的话去解释抽象的数学语言。在这个学习过程中,学生不仅对“正比例”概念有了比较通透的理解,数学阅读能力和自学能力也得到了提高。

2.将教材中编排的“你知道吗”等内容适度改造延伸

      随着课程改革的深入推进,数学的文化价值越来越被重视。纵览各个版本的小学数学教材,不仅在知识的编写中有意识地渗透数学文化,还专门开辟了“你知道吗”栏目进行显性体现,具体内容有数学史料、数学背景知识、数学的生活应用、数学家的故事等,以激发学生学习数学的兴趣,开阔学生的视野,引导学生感受数学文化的魅力。但因为篇幅受限,多是“点到为止”。笔者将“你知道吗”内容作为课程资源进行适度改造延伸,以期发挥其更大教育价值。

      比如,教学“因数与倍数”单元时,笔者开发了“哥德巴赫猜想与陈氏定理”的数学阅读课。课始,先让学生在括号里填上合适的质数:8=(  )+(  ),10=(  )+(  ),之后,提出问题:“像这样的算式你还能写出几个吗?你有什么猜想?”接着,介绍“哥德巴赫猜想”以及我国数学家陈景润研究“哥德巴赫猜想”的成果——“陈氏定理”(简称N=1+2),然后让学生尝试着去举例子验证陈景润的研究成果,……。在一个个挑战性问题的驱动下,学生经历了“再发现”“再创造”的过程,不仅发展了思维,收获了数学活动经验,更是通过阅读和切实体验,对数学家们孜孜不倦的研究精神有了深刻体会,无形中塑造着学生的人生观和价值观。

3.补充一些有价值、可探究的课外阅读材料

      陈省身先生讲:“不是什么样的数学都是好的数学。”所以,要真正实现“数学好玩”,一方面,要做好学生调研,寻找学生对什么内容感兴趣,阅读课内容的选择和时间的安排都应基于学生调研的结果;另一方面,还要做好数学内容的研究,把握好内容的本质。把这两方面结合起来就是所谓的“玩到点子上”了。

      “数学阅读课”课程实施以来,笔者挖掘、开发了诸多令学生“乐不思蜀”的课程内容。比如,有趣的222;“数字黑洞”探秘;神奇的“走马灯数”——142857;冰雹猜想;奇妙的数字金字塔——杨辉三角形;阿基米德巧破“皇冠”案;回文数猜想;“鸡兔同笼”问题的奇思妙解;神奇的“完全数”;等等。

三、“数学阅读课”的教学操作

      数学阅读课的教学操作,功在课前,研究组织内容,精心设计“阅读学习单”;隐在课中,突出学生的阅读和探索,突出学习的自主和体验,不轻易干预;导在学后,学生交流时作必要的指导、点拨与提升,并将学习内容向课外延伸,拓展数学学习的时间和空间。

1.精心设计“阅读学习单”

      “阅读学习单”的设计是上好“数学阅读课”的基础,也是决定阅读教学效益高低的关键。“阅读学习单”的设计要蕴含丰富的实践探究性和驱动力,要有利于学生以内容为载体去进行操作、尝试并产生顿悟。“问题是数学的心脏”。笔者把阅读材料精心设计成“问题串儿”,让学生在启发性问题的驱动下有目的地去阅读,去思考,去计算,去探索,寻找问题的答案。学生阅读的过程就是在经历“猜想——验证——再猜想——再验证”的问题探究过程,就是在经历“山重水复疑无路,柳暗花明又一村”之后获得深层次愉悦的心理体验过程。

2.数学阅读课的基本流程

      一般地,数学阅读课的教学流程如下:创设情境、激发兴趣——自主阅读、尝试探究——互动对话、交流提升。

(1)创设情境,激发兴趣。学生一旦对学习产生了兴趣,各种感官易处于活跃状态,从而为参与学习提供极佳的心理准备。为此,在数学阅读时,教师必须根据学生的年龄特征和个性特点,创设新颖有趣、富有启发性的情境,诱发和保持学生的阅读兴趣。例如,教学“冰雹猜想”一课时,笔者以“故事”引入:1976年的一天,美国著名的《华盛顿邮报》报道了一条数学新闻:目前,美国各所大学的大学生和老师们都像发疯一般,正在废寝忘食地玩一种数学游戏。什么游戏这么吸引人呢?这个游戏规则十分简单:先任意写出一个自然数,如果是单数,就将它乘3再加1;如果是双数,则将它除以2。

      为什么这个游戏这么吸引人呢?因为人们发现,对于任意一个自然数,如果像这样不断计算下去,最后一定会掉入一个“数字黑洞”。你们想亲身试验一下吗?

      这个问题情境给学生带来了强烈的探究欲望和丰富的实践探究空间,他们开始认真阅读文本,寻求其中的奥秘。

(2)自主阅读,尝试探究。学生的兴趣被激发起来之后,就要给学生提供广阔而自主的探究空间。教师要真正转变为一个组织者和指导者,放手让学生自主阅读“学习单”。“学习单”上层次递进的“问题串”帮助学生真正进入思维状态,学生边阅读、边思考、边计算、边猜测、边推理,在不断摸索中寻找答案。以“数学阅读:数的积偶性”为例,学生在如下“学习单”的导引下进行阅读。

      有人经过观察、思考,对自然数的奇偶性提出了如下猜想:

猜想一:奇数+奇数=偶数。

猜想二:偶数+偶数=偶数。

猜想三:奇数+偶数=奇数。

他的说法对吗?你可以分别举例子验证一下。

验证猜想一:                                       

验证猜想二:                                       

验证猜想三:                                       

接下来的一个问题又将学生的思维引向了深入——同学们,刚才我们研究的是“和的奇偶性”,那么,“积的奇偶性”又会是怎样呢?你有什么猜想吗?请写下来。                                                        你的猜想对不对呢?请举例验证一下。                                                    如果你暂时没有“猜想”,也没关系!有人提出了下面的猜想,他说的对吗?请你验证一下吧。

猜想一:奇数×奇数=奇数 

举例验证:                                                   

猜想二:偶数×偶数=偶数   

举例验证:                                                   

猜想三:奇数×偶数=奇数   

举例验证:                                                   

然后,再次设疑——

假如有任意多个非0整数相乘,其中一个因数是偶数,积一定是(    )数。(猜想四)

比如:1×3×11×5×4,积=(    ),是(    )数。

你能再举个例子验证一下你的猜想吗?                                                      想一想:你明白上面猜想四中的道理吗?请写下来。                                                      在上述阅读、研究的过程中,照顾到了学生间的差异,体现了以实践活动和过程经历为主的学习方式。

(3)互动对话,交流提升。面对客观存在的学生差异,“数学阅读课”的目标设计是高弹性的,而不是教学要求整齐划一,这样才能满足学生的个性化学习需求。要允许有的学生课内完不成阅读任务,有的学生课内完成后可以下座位去帮助别的孩子,有的学生可以把阅读研究延伸到课外。教学中,要充分利用学生间的差异,重点组织两个层次的学习交流。第一轮是让学习进度较快、率先完成阅读任务的同学充当“小老师”,协助老师指导帮助个别有困难的学生,这样互动学习的过程,是“兵教兵”的过程。第二轮是全班交流学习。师生、生生多边互动的对话与交流,是彼此想法的碰撞、吸纳与提升。教师要担当好“画龙点睛”的重任,并努力把学生的研究向课外延伸。

      还以“冰雹猜想”为例,笔者在临近下课之时对学生再次启发诱导:英国剑桥大学教授John Conway找到了一个自然数27。如果按照上述方法进行运算,掉入“数字黑洞”的全部过程一共需要111步。有兴趣的同学课后可以去试验一下。另外,还告诉大家一个秘密,截止到目前还没有人能够证明“冰雹猜想”。数字1是否是吸引所有自然数的黑洞?这个世界级的难题期待着有人解开谜底。亲爱的同学,你有兴趣去研究吗?

      课后,果真有不少学生还在继续兴趣盎然地开展研究,他们花费近两个小时,在A4纸上写下了整整111道数学算式,在研究实践中收获了学习活动本身所带来的乐趣体验。

四、“数学阅读课”的实践收获

      “数学阅读课”课程是为了让学生更好地学习、理解和感受数学而设计的,经过近一年的教学实践,“数学阅读课”的成效已初步显现。孩子们在阅读中开阔了数学视野,感受到了数学知识的博大精深和魅力所在,学习数学的兴趣也越来越浓,对数学阅读课更是充满了喜爱与期待:“老师,这样的数学课,我好喜欢!”“老师,什么时间再上数学阅读课呀?”“老师,下学期还会有数学阅读课吗?”……

      实践也充分表明,当学生因数学学习而着迷时,一切皆有可能!

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初三英语教学质量调研试卷带答案

初三英语教学质量调研试卷

一、选择填空(共25小题;每小题1分,满分25分)

A)单项填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1. You can try_______ second time if you fail_______ first time.

A the; the B. a; the C. the; a D. a; a

2. --- We‘ll visit the Summer Palace_______ there is a heavy rain tomorrow.

--- OK ! Boating on the lake must be interesting.

A unless B. since C. until D. if

3. -- I will buy you a new bike if you learn how to swim this summer.

-- Is that a _______? I‘m sure I‘ll get the bike.

A. chance B. trick C. promise D. treat

4. --- The dish looked bad, but it_______ OK.

--- So it‘s not right to judge a man by his appearance.

A tastes B. was tasting C. was tasted D. tasted

5. --- No one_______ be compared with Messi in playing football.

--- Oh, you are really his big fan.

A. might B. could C. must D. can

6. There are a small number of people involved, possibly_______ ten

A as few as B. as little as C. as many as D. as much as

7. Arthur‘s memory starts to go wrong because of his age. So does_______.

A. I B. mine C. me D. myself

8. --- What do you often do_______ classes to relax yourselves?

--- We often do eye exercises, listen to music or do some running around the school.

A. in B. among C. between D. during

9. --_______ will you stay here?

--- Until tomorrow afternoon.

A How long B. How soon C. When D. How often

10. --- Did you watch the snooker game yesterday?

-- Yes, I did. Xiao Guodong is really a dark horse. Nobody _______ him to go so far.

A supposed B. hoped C. expected D. wanted

11. _______ a book in the library, enter a key word into the computer.

A To finding B. Finding C. Find D. To find

12. --- I‘m tired. I‘m taking next week off.

---_______, honey. You do need a break.

A. Not so sure B. Forget it C. Great idea D. No way

13. With the development of science and technology, news can be_______ to every corner of the world in seconds.

A put out B. sent out C. run out D. taken out

14. --- She‘s never spoken to a foreigner, _______?

--- Yes. She is active and can speak English freely.

A is she B. has she C. isn‘t she D. hasn‘t she

15. --- How soon will you start your journey?

--- I‘m not sure. I haven‘t decided_______.

A. when shall I ask the boss for leave

B. where I will go to spend the holiday

C. if I would go by train or by plane

D. who should I travel with

B)完形填空 先通读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后在每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

While I was waiting to enter university, I saw an advertisement in a newspaper –a teaching job wanted at a school. The school was about ten miles from where I lived. I was in great 16 of money and wanted to do something useful, so I 17 .

Three days later, a letter arrived. It asked me to meet the principal of the school at Croydon. It proved to be a(n) 18 journey -a train to Croydon station, a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of 19 a quarter of a mile.

A man who was short and round seemed to be the principal and he opened the door for me. 'The school,' he said, 'has a group of twenty-four boys between seven and thirteen years old.' According to the man, I should have to teach all the subjects 20 art, which the man himself taught. I should have to 21 the class into three groups and teach them at three different levels, and I was not glad at the 22 of teaching Maths -a subject which I wasn‘t good at. It was 23 that I had to teach them on Saturday afternoon because most of my friends would be 24 themselves at that time.

Before I had time to ask about my 25 ,the man got up to his feet. 'Now,' he said,“You‘d better meet my wife. She is the one who really runs this school.”

16.A. fear B. need C. danger D. control

17.A. applied B. arranged C announced D. accepted

18.A comfortable B. boring C short D. unpleasant

19.A at first B. at most C at least D. at last

20.A. besides B. except C including D. about

21.A. cut B. divide C turn D. gather

22.A. action B. way C movement D. thought

23.A. worse B. better C harder D. nicer

24.A helping B. believing C enjoying D. losing

25.A. fund B. value C. award D. pay

二、阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下列短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Once upon a time, an old woman had two large water pots. Each hung on the end of a pole(杆子)which she carried across her neck.

One of the pots had a crack in it while the other pot was perfect, From the river to the house, the cracked pot arrived only half full. And the other pot was always full. The perfect pot took pride in its talent. But the poor cracked pot felt sad for its own disadvantage.

One day by the river the cracked pot said to the woman, 'I feel bad about myself, because the crack in me causes water to come out all the way back to your house.”

The old woman smiled and said, 'Why are there flowers on your side of the road, but not on the other pot‘s side? That‘s because I have always known about your crack. So I planted flowers on your side of the road, and every day while we walk back, you water them. For two years I have been able to pick these beautiful flowers to decorate my house, There would not be this beauty without you. Each of us has our own cracks. But the cracks make our lives so interesting and beautiful.'

So, to all the cracked pot friends, have a great day and remember to smell the flowers on your side of the road!

26. If each of the two pots could be filled with 20 kilos of water, the woman would probably get _______ kilos of water from the river to the house.

A 10 B. 20 C. 30 D. 40

27. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A The woman preferred the perfect pot to the cracked pot.

B. The cracked pot felt more talented than the perfect pot.

C. There were beautiful flowers on both sides of the road.

D. The old woman decorated her house with some flowers.

28. What can we learn from the story?

A Everyone has a talent.

B. A true friend is hard to find.

C. Success never comes easily.

D. Mistakes improve our learning,

B

Have you ever had an embarrassing(尴尬的)experience? Last week we asked readers to tell us about embarrassing experiences. We received thousands of letters! Here is a selection.

Tony:

My most embarrassing experience happened when I had just left university. I had just started teaching in a Liverpool secondary school. One morning my alarm clock didn‘t ring. I woke up at half past eight and school began at nine. I quickly washed, dressed, jumped into my car and rushed to school. When I arrived, the students had already gone into class. I didn‘t go to the office, but went straight into class. After two or three minutes the students began laughing, and I couldn‘t understand why! Suddenly I looked down and understood. I had put on one black shoe and one brown shoe!

Henry:

The most embarrassing experience I‘ve ever had, happened two years ago. After seeing a film, my wife and I had lunch in our favourite restaurant in town. Then we decided to take a walk along the street. The street was very busy and we started holding hands. Suddenly my wife saw a dress that she liked in a shop window, and stopped. I started looking at some watches in the next window. After a minute or two I reached for my wife‘s hand. There was a loud scream, and a woman slapped my face. I hadn‘t taken my wife‘s hand. I‘d taken the hand of a complete stranger!

James:

My wife and I had decided to buy a new house, and I‘d made an appointment to see our bank manager. I‘d never met him before. I went into town in my car and I was lucky enough to find a parking space outside the bank. I‘d just started reversing(倒车) into the space when another car made its way into it. I was irritated! I opened my window and shouted at the man in the car. He ignored me and walked away. It took me twenty minutes to find another place. As soon as I had parked the car, I rushed back to the bank. I was ten minutes late for my appointment. I went to the manager‘s office, knocked and walked in. The manager was sitting behind his desk. He was the man who had taken my parking space!

29. The students began laughing when they saw Tony_______.

A. wearing a wrong shoe B. carrying an alarm clock

C. looking down suddenly D. rushing into the classroom

30. Henry was embarrassed because he_______.

A slapped the woman in the face

B. took the hand of a complete stranger

C. heard his wife screaming in the street

D. knocked over some watches in the shop

31. James went into town to_______.

A. put money in the bank B. look for a job

C. meet the bank manager D. buy a new car

32. The underlined word 'irritated' probably means '_______ '.

A. angry B. impolite C. worried D. embarrassed

C

Roosegaarde, an artist and designer from Dutch has thought of a device(装置). He hopes it will make Beijing‘s sky clear again and help the people with masks breathe fresh air again in Beijing.

An electromagnetic field(电磁场) will pull the dirty particles in the air to the ground, and then they can be easily cleaned.

Roosegaarde says, 'It‘s like when you have a balloon which has static electricity(静电) and your hair goes toward it. Smog happens the same way as the hair.'

His workplace has reached an agreement with the Beijing government to test the technology in one of the capital‘s parks. Beijing‘s skies are regularly covered by grey smog. Serious cases of air pollution are often reported in Beijing. Roosegaarde says an indoor test has already shown it works well and he is confident of the results. With the help of a team of scientists and engineers, he is sure that the device can be worked outside.

'Beijing is a very good place to test the device because the smog in Beijing is quite low and there‘s not so much wind.' says Roosegaarde. 'We‘ll be able to make the air pure but the most difficult thing is to remove the smog. As a result, you can see the sun again.'

Roosegaarde also reminds us that his aim is not only to give a plan to solve Beijing‘s dirty air pollution but also to make people pay attention to the environment problem. He adds, 'This is not the real answer for smog. The real answer to do with it is clean cars, different industry and different lifestyles. ' However, he hopes the project will make the citizens realize the differences between clean air and smog-filled air.

33. The device works by_______.

A helping keep the particles out with more masks

B. pulling particles to the ground with an electromagnetic field

C. absorbing hair with a balloon with static

D. creating clean air and letting it out into the sky

34. What does Roosegaarde use his device for?

A To make smog. B. To make the air clean

C. To make static electricity. D. To make Beijing‘s parks beautiful.

35. After reading the passage, we can know_______.

A the device doesn‘t work well indoors

B. the people with masks can breathe fresher air

C. Beijing government agreed to test the device

D. clean cars aren‘t helpful to the environment in Beijing

36. Roosegaarde hopes people in Beijing can_______.

A pay attention to air pollution and solve the problem finally

B. invent more devices to clean the smog in Beijing

C. drive modern cars and try different lifestyles

D. realize how serious the pollution they‘re facing is

D

According to scientists‘ research, the month in which babies are born could affect them in some ways.

Babies born in spring get sick easily. Children born under Aquarius may be less clever than those born in other seasons. They may also have shorter lives than those born in autumn Scientists believe many of the differences can be explained by the mother‘s exposure to sunlight in pregnancy(怀孕). Sunlight helps lead to the production of Vitamin D in the body. The lack of this in the first months of life may have a bad effect on mental and physical health.

Vitamin D, called the 'sunshine vitamin', is known to help regulate(调节) thousands of genes during development, according to a study of more than two million people. So Vitamin D has a good effect on health This study showed that people born from April to June had slightly shorter lives than those born in October, November or December. Similar studies in the USA showed that people born in autumn lived about 160 days longer than those born in spring.

Professor Russell Foster, an Oxford University neuroscientist on seasonal biology, said the conclusions were surprising and interesting. He added, 'These are small effects but they are very, very clear. I am not giving voice to star signs and they are just for fun. But it is true that we are affected by our season of birth.'

37.A baby‘s season of birth doesn‘t affect its_______.

A health B height C length of life D. mind

38. According to the passage,_______ can help people get Vitamin D.

A. enough sleep B. enough sunlight

C fresh air D. suitable seasons

39. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. People born in spring may not be in good health.

B. Children born under Aquarius are cleverer than those born under Libra.

C. Professor Russell Foster is interested in star signs and believes in them

D. People born in May will live longer than those born in October.

40. What does the passage mainly tell us?

A. People can know the length of life by star sign.

B. Women should choose to give birth to children in spring.

C A child‘s season of birth has some effect on him or her.

D. Vitamin D is very important to people‘s health.

第II卷(非选择题,共45分)

三、单词拼写(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)

根据下列句子所给汉语注释或对话情景,在答题卡标有题号的'横线上,写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。

41. It‘s doubtful ▲ (是否)there‘ll be any seats left or not.

42. The notice at the end of the road ▲ (警告)people not to go any further.

43. Hopefully, those climbers have covered ▲ (五分之四)of the distance.

44. The ▲ (热)in the room makes me uncomfortable,

45. Without enough sleep you can‘t work ▲ (正常地).

46. There seems to be a huge balloon ▲ (漂浮)across the sky.

47. As the curtain ▲ (上升)slowly, the audience fell silent.

48.---Judy, I guess you are only twenty-five years old, is that true?

---Oh, it‘s a ▲ .

49.-Could you please ▲ us with some new information about MH370?

-Of course. Anyway, it is a sad story.

50.---It will be my turn. I feel a little ▲ .

---Take it easy. You can make it.

四、句子翻译(共5小题;每小题3分,满分15分)

将下列句子译成英语,并将所译句子写在答题卡标有题号的横线上。

51.骑自行车环绕苏州是多么有乐趣啊!

52.他离开得如此匆忙,以至于忘了锁门。

53.别担心,你不久就会习惯他的幽默感。

54.你注意到我们教室的墙被涂成了白色吗?

55.用英语回答这个问题你有困难吗?

五、书面表达(共1题;满分20分)

一个民族有自己的“民族梦”,一个国家有自己的“国家梦”,同样,每个人也应有属于自己的“美丽梦想”。最近,你班就“我们的梦想职业”展开了一次调查。下表是你们小组的调查情况。请根据表格内容写一篇英语短文,向英语校刊投稿。

注意:1. 100词左右。短文的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;

2.不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息;

3.可在必要处作适当发挥。

Our Dream Jobs

Recently we did a survey in our class in order to learn about students‘ ideal jobs. Here‘s a report about my group members‘ ideas.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

初三英语教学质量调研试卷参考答案

一线调研卷怎么样

好。

1、对调研内容设计系统、规范。2、受访者回答有系统性、针对性。3、便于调研者归纳、总结、研究。一线调研试卷很好。调研卷又称调查表或询问表,是以问题的形式系统地记载调查内容的一种印件。

一线调研卷六年级下英语参考答案

Ⅰ. 1.mad 2.nervous 3. fortunately 4.health 5. hometown

6. supposed 7. danger 8. return 9.copy 10.started

Ⅱ. 11. finishing 12. was having 13.her 14. surprised 15.truth

16. lucky 17.to do 18.unhappy 19.asleep 20.farther

Ⅲ. 21.D. 22. B. 23. A. 24. C. 25.C 26. C 27. D 28.C 29. C 30. D

Ⅳ. 31—35 C A C B C 36—40 AB B DA

Ⅴ. 41—45 E B D A C

Ⅵ. (A)46.B. 47.A. 48.D. 49.C. 50. B

(B)51.his teacher gave him 52.into a ball/dirty

53.It was still worth 100 Yuan / It didn’t go down in value.

54.as if they are worth nothing./ you will never lose your value.

55. we shouldn’t give up.

Ⅶ.One possible version:

My math teacher said I was a hard-working boy and the Spanish teacher said I was good at speaking. My geography teacher said I did well in writing. But I didn’t do very well in other subjects. My history teacher told me to do better. My Chinese is so-so. My science teacher said I was a lazy student.

初三数学上期末调研测试卷及答案

对于初三数学期末考试的复习,制定计划做数学试题更有利于数学的学习和备考。

初三数学上期末调研测试卷

一、选择题(本题共有12小题,每小题3分,共36分,每小题有四个选项,其中只有一个是正确的)

1.sin60°的值是

A. B. C.1 D.

2.图1是一个球体的一部分,下列四个选项中是它的俯视图的是

3.用配方法解方程 ,下列配方正确的是

A. B.

C. D.

4.图2是我们学过的反比例函数图象,它的函数解析式可能是

A. B. C. D.

5.如图3,已知∠BAD=∠CAD,则下列条件中不一定能使

△ABD≌△ACD的是

A.∠B=∠C B.∠BDA=∠CDA

C.AB=AC D.BD=CD

6.过某十 字路口的汽车,它可能继续直行,也可能向左或向右转.若这三种可能性大小相同,则两辆汽车经过该十字路口全部继续直行的概率为

A. B. C. D.

7.矩形具有而菱形不具有的性质是

A.对角线互相平分 B.对角线互相垂直

C.对角线相等 D.是中心对称图形

8.关于二次函数 ,下列说法中正确的是

A.它的开口方向是向上 B.当x –1时,y随x的增大而增大

C.它的顶点坐标是(–2,3) D.当x = 0时,y有最小值是3

9.如图4,已知A是反比例函数 (x 0)图象上的一个

动点,B是x轴上的一动点,且AO=AB.那么当点A在图

象上自左向右运动时,△AOB的面积

A.增大 B.减小 C.不变 D.无法确定

10.如图5,已知AD是△ABC的高,EF是△ABC的中位线,

则下列结论中错误的是

A.EF⊥AD B.EF= BC

C.DF= AC D.DF= AB

11.某公司今年产值200万元,现计划扩大生产,使今后两年的产值都比前一年增长一个相同的百分数,这样三年(包括今年)的总产值就达到了1400万元.设这个百分数为x,则可列方程为

A.

B.

C.

D.

12.如图6,已知抛物线 与x轴分别交于A、B两点,顶点为M.将抛物线l1沿x轴翻折后再向左平移得到抛物线l2.若抛物线l2过点B,与x轴的另一个交点为C,顶点为N,则四边形AMCN的面积为

A.32 B.16 C.50 D.40

第二部分(非选择题,共64分)

二、填空题(每小题3分,共12分。)请把答案填在答题卷相应的表格里。

13.2011年深圳大运会期间,在一个有3000人的小区里,小明随机调查了其中的500人,发现有450人看深圳电视台的大运会晚间新闻.那么在该小区里随便问一人,他看深圳电视台的大运会晚间新闻的概率大约是答案请填在答题表内.

14.若方程 的一个根为1,则b的值为答案 请填在答题表内.

15.如图7,甲、乙两盏路灯相距20米,一天晚上,当小刚

从灯甲底部向灯乙底部直行16米时,发现自己的身影顶

部正好接触到路灯乙的底部,已知小刚的身高为1.6米,

那么路灯甲的高为答案请填在答题表内米.

16.如图8,四边形ABCD是边长为2的正方形,E是AD边上一点,将△CDE绕点C沿逆时针方向旋转至△CBF,连接EF交BC于点G.若EC=EG,则DE = 答案请填在答题表内.

三、解答题(本题共7小题,共52分)

17.(本题 5分)计算:

18.(本题5分)解方程:

19.(本题8分)如图9,等腰梯形ABCD中,AB//CD,AD = BC = CD,对角线BD⊥AD,DE⊥AB于E,CF⊥BD于F.

(1)求证:△ADE≌△CDF;(4分)

(2)若AD = 4,AE=2,求EF的长.(4分)

(1)转动该转盘一次,则指针指在红色区域内的概率为_______;

(2分)

(2)转动该转盘两次,如果指针两次指在的颜色能配成紫色(红

色和蓝色一起可配成紫色),那么游戏者便能获胜.请用列

表法或画树状图的方法求出游戏者能获胜的概率.(6分)

21.(本题8分)如图11,A、B、C是三座城市,A市在B市的正西方向.C市在A市北偏东60º的方向,在B市北偏东30º的方向.这三座城市之间有高速公路l1、l2、l3相互贯通.小亮驾车从A市出发,以平均每小时80公里的速度沿高速公路l2向C市驶去,3小时后小亮到达了C市.

(1)求C市到高速公路l1的最短距离;(4分)

(2)如果小亮以相同的速度从C市沿C→B→A的路线从高速公路返回A市.那么经过多长时间后,他能回到A市?(结果精确到0.1小时)( )(4分)

22.(本题9分)阅读材料:

(1)对于任意实数a和b,都有 ,∴ ,于是得到 ,当且仅当a = b时,等号成立.

(2)任意一个非负实数都可写成一个数的平方的形式。即:如果 ,则 .如:2= , 等.

例:已知a 0,求证: .

证明:∵a 0,∴

∴ ,当且仅当 时,等号成立。

请解答下列问题:

某园艺公司准备围建一个矩形花圃,其中一边靠墙(墙足够长),另外三边用篱笆围成(如图12所示).设垂直于墙的一边长为x米.

(1)若所用的篱笆长为36米,那么:

①当花圃的面积为144平方米时,垂直于墙的一边的长为多少米?(3分)

②设花圃的面积为S米2,求当垂直于墙的一边的长为多少米时,这个花圃的面积最大?并求出这个最大面积;(3分)

(2)若要围成面积为200平方米的花圃,需要用的篱笆最少是多少米?(3分)

23(本题9分)如图13-1,已知抛物线 (a≠0)与x轴交于A(–1,0)、B(3,0)两点,与y轴交于点C(0,3).

(1)求抛物线的函数表达式;(3分)

(2)若矩形EFMN的顶点F、M在位于x轴上方的抛物线上,一边EN在x轴上(如图13-2).设点E的坐标为(x,0),矩形EFMN的周长为L,求L的最大值及此时点E的坐标;(3分)

(3)在(2)的前提下(即当L取得最大值时),在抛物线对称轴上是否存在一点P,使△PMN沿直线PN折叠后,点M刚好落在y轴上?若存在,请求出所有满足条件的点P的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.(3分)

初三数学上期末调研测试卷答案

一、选择题(每小题3分,共36分)

BCBAD ACBCD DA

二、填空题(每小题3分,共12分)

13.0.9; 14. 4 ; 15. 8 ; 16.

三、解答题

17.解:原式 = 2分(每写对一个函数值得1分)

= 3–1 4分(每算对一个运算得1分)

= 2 5 分

18.解法一:移项得 1分

配方得

2分

即 或 3分

∴ , 5分

解法二:∵ , ,

∴ 1分

∴ 3分

∴ , 5分

解法三:原方程可化为 1分

∴x–1 = 0或x–3 = 0 3分

∴ , 5分

19.(1)证明:∵DE⊥AB,AB//CD

∴DE⊥CD

∴∠1+∠3=90º 1分

∵BD⊥AD

∴∠2+∠3=90º

∴∠1=∠2 2分

∵CF⊥BD,DE⊥AB

∴∠CFD=∠AED=90º 3分

∵AD=CD

∴△ADE≌△CDF 4分

(2)解:∵DE⊥AB,AE=2,AD=4

∴∠2=30º,DE= 5分

∴∠3=90º–∠2=60º

∵△ADE≌△CDF

∴DE=DF 6分

∴△DEF是等边三角形

∴EF=DF= 7分

(注:用其它方法解答的,请根据此标准酌情给分)

20.(1) 2分

红 黄 蓝

红 (红,红) (黄,红) (蓝,红)

黄 (红,黄) (黄,黄) (蓝,黄)

蓝 (红,蓝) (黄,蓝) (蓝,蓝)

(2)解:列表得

结果共有9种可能,其中能成紫色的有2种

∴P(获胜)=

(说明:第(2)小题中,列表可画树状图得4分,求出概率得2分,共6分)

21.(1)解:过点C作CD⊥l1于点D,则已知得 1分

AC=3×80=240(km),∠CAD=30º 2分

∴CD= AC= ×240=120(km)3分

∴C市到高速公路l1的最短距离是120km。4分

(2)解:由已知得∠CBD=60º

在Rt△CBD中,

∵sin∠CBD=

∴BC= 5分

∵∠ACB=∠CBD–∠CAB=60º–30º=30º

∴∠ACB=∠CAB=30º

∴AB=BC= 6分

∴t = 7分

答:经过约3.5小时后,他能回到A市。8分

(注:用其它方法解答的,请根据此标准酌情给分)

22.(1)解:由题意得 1分

化简后得

解得: , 2分

答:垂直于墙的一边长为6米或12米。 3分

(2)解:由题意得

S = 4分

= 5分

∵a =–20,∴当x = 9时,S取得最大值是162

∴当垂直于墙的一边长为9米时,S取得最大值,最大面积是162m2。6分

(3)解:设所需的篱笆长为L米,由题意得

7分

即: 8分

∴若要围成面积为200平方米的花圃,需要用的篱笆最少是40米,9分

23.(1)解:由题意可设抛物线为 1分

抛物线过点(0,3)

解得:a =–1 2分

抛物线的解析式为:

即: 3分

(2)解:由(1)得抛物线的对称轴为直线x = 1

∵E(x,0),

∴F(x, ),EN = 4分

化简得 5分

∵–20,

∴当x = 0时,L取得最大值是10,

此时点E的坐标是(0,0) 6分

(3)解:由(2)得:E(0,0),F(0,3),M(2,3),N(2,0)

设存在满足条件的点P(1,y),

并设折叠后点M的对应点为M1

∴ NPM=NPM1=90,PM=PM1

PG = 3–y,GM=1,PH = | y |,HN = 1

∵∠NPM=90º

解得: ,

∴点P的坐标为(1, )或(1, )7分

当点P的坐标为(1, )时,连接PC

∵PG是CM的垂直平分线,∴PC=PM

∵PM=PM1,∴PC=PM=PM1

∴∠M1CM = 90º

∴点M1在y轴上8分

同理可得当点P的坐标为(1, )时,点M1也在y轴上9分

故存在满足条件的点P,点P的坐标为(1, )或(1, )

(说明:能正确求出一个点的坐标并能说明点M刚好落在y轴上,得2分)

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数学是研究数量、结构、变化、空间以及信息等概念的一门学科,是人类对事物的抽象结构与模式进行严格描述、推导的一种通用手段。

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