本篇文章给同学们谈谈全国大联考6英语答案解析，以及全国大联考第六次英语2021对应的知识点，希望对各位同学有所帮助，不要忘记分享给你的朋友哦！
本文目录一览：
2016届高三下学期第二次全国大联考英语答案
1-5 ACACB 6-10ABBCA
11-15 BCCBA 16-20CCBBA
21-25 BCAAB 26-30CBBCC
31-35 DAADC 36-40BDFAC
41-45 BCACD 46-50ADBDC
51-55 BACAD 56-60BDABC
61. applying 62.earlier
63. is considered 64.which
65. requirements 66.or
67. it 68.on / upon
69. to ask 70.usually
短文改错：
71. ... because the heavy traffic.
because后加of
72. ... passes very close to me ...
passes→ passed
73. ... that resulted in ... that → which
74. ... fall off the bicycle. fall → falling
75. ... I injured in my ankle ... 去掉in
76. ... a speed at which ... a→ the
77. ... but obvious ... obvious → obviously
78. ... falling onto the grounds ...
grounds→ ground
79. Therefore ... Therefore→ However
80. ... realize her fault ... her → his
One possible version:
Dear Jack,
I'mglad that you are coming to visit China. There are three places I want torecommend to you.
First,you can visit Beijing, the capital of China, where you can enjoy the GreatWall, the Forbidden City and some beautiful parks. Then you can go to visitMount Tai in Shandong Province. It is one of the most famous mountains in Chinaand you can enjoy the amazing sunrise there. Next, I suggest you visitHangzhou, a beautiful modern city with breathtaking natural sights. The WestLake there is a well-known tourist attraction.
Ican act as your guide if you like, and I am ready to offer help whenever youneed it.
Yours,
Li Hua
部分解析
阅读理解：
第一节：
A篇 (周围的环境)
本文是一则访谈。文章是对堪萨斯州立大学的学生Lindha的采访。
21. B。细节理解题。由What do you think of the people there?一节中的People from Kansas are so friendly和many Kansans are very sheltered and don't pay much attention to lifeoutside the US可知，Lindha认为堪萨斯州的人很友好，但是很少与外界接触，也不关心美国之外的生活。
22. C。细节理解题。由What was the funniest thing that happened while you were there?一节中的I decided to have a try和before I had destroyed an entire section of the fence以及they couldn't believe I had stayed on the horse for that long可知，Lindha非常勇敢，在骑马时由于马失控而毁坏了一段篱笆。
23. A。细节理解题。由最后一段中的In the winter it was absolutely freezing, and during the summer itwas so hot I thought I might die可知，Lindha不喜欢堪萨斯州的天气。
B篇 (体育)
本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了极地探险家BenSaunders。
24. A。细节理解题。由第二段中的we didn't get there, so we had no media interest可知，在Ben Saunders的第一次北极探险中，由于他们没有到达北极，所以没有引起媒体的关注。
25. B。推理判断题。由第三段中的If you never do anything that's uncomfortable or risky then yourself-belief gets weaker可知，Ben Saunders认为如果你从不做任何不舒服或有风险的事情，那么你的自我信念就会变弱，因此，如果想增强自我信念，就需要尝试一些有挑战的事情。
26. C。细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的My Antarctic adventure is just practicable and that's what isexciting to me可知，令Ben Saunders感到兴奋的是他的南极探险是可行的、可以实现的。
27. B。推理判断题。由最后一段中的with enough training and enough determination, enough focus andpreparation, how far can we go? And I don't think I've found out yet可知，我们永远不会知道我们能走多远，我们不会知道我们的潜能和力量。
C篇 (自然)
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了意大利梵尔卡莫尼卡谷地的岩画。
28. B。细节理解题。由第一段中的Valcamonica's pictures show various scenes and are connected throughcommon themes like magic, war, navigation and agriculture可知，梵尔卡莫尼卡谷地的岩画展示了不同的场景，并且通过共同的主题连接在一起。
29. C。词义猜测题。由划线部分下文中的fewer appeared after that可知，这些雕刻在铁器时代逐渐减少，故由此推断，taper off意为“逐渐减少”。
30. C。段落大意题。由第五段中的The first known modern report of the rock carvings was in 1909和More rocks with engravings were soon found in the areas nearby可知，本段主要讲述了岩画的发现。
31. D。细节理解题。由最后一段中的give us some idea of what various societies of the past might havebeen like可知，对梵尔卡莫尼卡谷地岩画的研究能让我们对过去的人类社会有所了解。
D篇 (社会)
本文是议论文。文章主要引述了五个人对单性别学校和男女生混合学校的不同观点。
32. A。观点态度题。由Message 1一节中的I thinkmixed-sex schools are the only way for children to learn, because it's natural可知，Jane对男女生混合学校持支持的态度，故她反对单性别学校。
33. A。细节理解题。由Message 2一节中的single-sexschools are much better和Message 3一节中的I feel that they should be educated separately可知，Hans和Bill都认为单性别学校比男女生混合学校好，男生和女生应该分开上课。
34. D。推理判断题。由Message 4一节中的What isimportant is the curriculum, and keeping students interested可知，Martin认为最重要的是让学生对课程感兴趣。
35. C。推理判断题。由最后一段中的There is too much competition at single-sex schools和I also think there is more bullying ... because of the increasedcompetition可知，Emily用“dog eat dog”是为了说明单性别学校里激烈的竞争。
第二节：
话题：社会
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了交流的定义、种类及通信的发展历史。
36. B。由该空后的Animals communicate through sounds ...和Computers communicate with other computers ...可知，B项“交流不仅仅是人类的活动”符合此处语境。
37. D。由该空前的both spoken and written和该空后的Written language includes books, newspapers, and e-mail可知，设空处是对口头语言的描述。
38. F。由该空前的The arts are also a form of communication可知，F项内容“照片、绘画、音乐和电影也可以传达情感”符合此处语境。
39. A。由该空前的The invention of the printing press可知，印刷术使得快速复制文本成为可能。
40. C。由该空前的In ancient times和Before trainsand cars以及该空后的Since then可知，C项“公共邮政服务开始于16、17世纪”符合此处语境。
语言知识运用：
第一节：
话题：人际关系
本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Julia在很多方面改变和影响了作者。
41. B。由上文中的The change may not be sudden以及文中的描述可知，这种变化可能不那么突然或者“令人印象深刻（impressive）”。
42. C。由下文中的make you think about what is important in your life可知，小习惯会带来大“想法（ideas）”，让你思考生活中最重要的是什么。
43. A。44. C。由下文中的One thing I'velearned from Julia可知，Julia“教（taught）”了“我”很多东西，“我”将“毕生（throughoutmy life）”铭记。
45. D。由下文中的Julia has shown me how to ... have time for my friends可知，Julia教会“我”如何平衡“时间（time）”。
46. A。47. D。由该句中的so that I canfinish all my school work ... have time for my friends可知，Julia 教“我”要提前“计划（plan）”，这样，“我”就能做完功课、进行体育活动、“还（still）”有时间和朋友在一起。
48. B。由下文中的if you never give up可知，她教“我”如果你“有决心（determined）”、不放弃，那你就能做成任何事。
49. D。由上文中的anything fun可知，“我”还认识到，如果你把你正在做的事情和你喜欢的事情联系在一起，你就会发现你正在做的事情很“有趣（interesting）”。
50. C。由下文的描述可知，Julia把记单词和玩电脑“结合（combined）”在一起。
51. B。由下文中的I liked playing the game可知，在这个网站，你可以“玩（play）”一个单词游戏。
52. A。53. C。由上文的描述可知，Julia“向我挑战（challenged）”，如果“我”学到一百个“单词（words）”，就可以把捐给穷人的米碗装满。
54. A。“我”非常喜欢这个游戏，所以“我”在一个月内“学会（learned）”了大约一千个单词。
55. D。由下文中的She showed me that going to the theater could help me become abetter writer可知，她经常“鼓励（encouraged）”“我”去尝试培养新的爱好。
56. B。上下句之间是递进关系，故用“此外（Besides）”。
57. D。58. A。 “如果（If）”不是Julia的话，“我”可能不会“意识到（realized）”帮助穷人是多么简单的事情。
59. B。由文中的描述可知，每个人都可以“有所作为（make a difference）”。
60. C。由上文中的be more appreciative of what I own可知，“我”很“感激（thankful）”曾经有机会去帮助别人。
第二节：
61. applying。考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词for的宾语，故填applying。
62. earlier。考查副词的比较级。“the +比较级，the +比较级”意为“越……，越……”。
63. isconsidered。考查一般现在时的被动语态。设空处所在句子主语为动词-ing形式短语Reading ... study，其与consider之间是被动关系，且此处描述的是目前存在的事实，应用一般现在时，故填is considered。
64. which。考查关系词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，指代turn to those ... studying abroad的内容，故填which。
65. requirements。考查名词。设空处作宾语，意为“要求”，且前面有some限定，故填requirements。
66. or。考查连词。由语境可知，Gavin想知道这项工作要在考试之前还是之后做，before和after之间是选择关系，故填or。
67. it。考查it作形式主语的用法。设空处作形式主语，真正的主语是tomake ... the two exams，故填it。
68. on/ upon。考查介词。depend on / upon意为“取决于”。
69. toask。考查不定式作状语的用法。设空处作目的状语，且句子隐含主语（You）与ask之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填to ask。
70. usually。考查副词。设空处作状语修饰include，故填usually。
[选做题参考答案及解析]
[参考答案]
1-5 ABDCA 6-10 CADBB
[解析]
A篇 (个人情况)
本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国电影导演和制片人斯坦利·库布里克。
1. A。段落大意题。由第一段中的described as a perfectionist genius和is admired as one of cinema's greatest talents以及he made only 13 feature films ... he earned nine Oscars可知，第一段主要介绍了斯坦利·库布里克的成就。
2. B。细节理解题。由第三段中的unhappy with the pressure of Hollywood, he moved from America toBritain可知，不喜欢好莱坞的巨大压力，斯坦利·库布里克从美国搬到了英国。
3. D。细节理解题。由第四段中的its special effects techniques won an Academy award and were a biginfluence on George Lucas when he came to make the Star Wars films可知，斯坦利·库布里克的电影2001: A Space Odyssey对George Lucas有很大影响。
4. C。词义猜测题。由倒数第二段中划线词前的rude以及下文中举的例子可知，斯坦利·库布里克对待和他一起工作的人很粗鲁、不礼貌。
5. A。推理判断题。由倒数第三段中的worried about safety和he also had awell-known fear of flying可知，斯坦利·库布里克不喜欢乘飞机旅行。
B篇 (健康)
本文是说明文。研究显示，献血对健康有益，有助于预防心脏病和癌症。
6. C。细节理解题。由第五段的It is thought that the benefits arise from lowering high iron levels可知，献血能够减少血液中的铁，从而能够预防心脏病。
7. A。细节理解题。由第八段中的it may therefore have a protective benefit if done on a consistentbasis by helping thin the blood和倒数第四段的However,these benefits depend on making donations on a regular basis, rather than oncein a while可知，有规律地献血对健康最有益。
8. D。推理判断题。文章第九段至第十一段提到的三项研究都证明了献血对健康有益。
9. B。推理判断题。由最后一段可知，该中心提出，献血应该建立在无私奉献的基础之上，不要为了个人减肥的目的而献血。
10. B。标题归纳题。本文报道了几项证明献血有益的研究。B项准确地概括了文章主旨。
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2019六级阅读原文及参考答案解析
看书不能信仰而无思考，要大胆地提出问题，勤于摘录资料，分析资料，找出其中的相互关系，是做学问的一种 方法 ，下面给大家带来一些关于2019六级阅读原文及参考答案，希望对大家有所帮助。
阅读篇一
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage
Professor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artificial intelligence (AI) will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity”, and praised the creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching the future of intelligence as “crucial to the future of our civilization and our species.”
Hawking was speaking at the opening of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence (LCFI) at Cambridge University, a multi-disciplinary institute that will attempt to tackle some of the open-ended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in AI research. “We spend a great deal of time studying history,” Hawking said, “which, let’s face it, is mostly the history of stupidity. So it’s a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence.”
While the world-renowned physicist has often been cautious about AI, raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own, he was also quick to highlight the positives that AI research can bring. “The potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge,” he said. “We cannot predict what we might achieve when our own minds are amplified by AI. Perhaps with the tools of this new technological revolution, we will be able to undo some of the damage done to the natural world by the last one – industrialization. And surely we will aim to finally eradicate disease and poverty. And every aspect of our lives will be transformed. In short, success in creating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our civilization.”
Huw Price, the centre’s academic director and the Bertrand Russell professor of philosophy at Cambridge University, where Hawking is also an academic, said that the centre came about partially as a result of the university’s Centre for Existential Risk. That institute examined a wider range of potential problems or humanity, while the LCFI has a narrow focus.
AI pioneer Margaret Boden, professor of cognitive science at the University of Sussex, praised the progress of such discussions. As recently as 2009, she said, the topic wasn’t taken seriously, even among AI researchers. “AI is hugely exciting,” she said, “but it has limitations, which present grace dangers given uncritical use.”
The academic community is not alone in warning about the potential dangers of AI as well as the potential benefits. A number of pioneers from the technology industry, most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk, have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity.
46. What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence?
A) It would be vital to the progress of human civilization.
B) It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.
C) It might present challenges as well as opportunities.
D) It would be a significant expansion of human intelligence.
46. B. It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.
【定位】根据题干Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence定位到第一段第一句
【解析】“either the best, or the worst thing…”，要么是最好的，要么是最坏的，与选项B对应。选项A不是本文主旨所在。选项C偷换逻辑，文中是说人工智能可能有益也可能有害，不是在说机遇与挑战并存。选项D在原文并未直接提及，也与主旨无关。
47. What did Hawking say about the creation of the LCFI?
A) It would accelerate the process of AI research.
B) It would mark a step forward in the AI industry.
C) It was extremely important to the destiny of humankind.
D) It was an achievement of multi-disciplinary collaboration.
47. C. It was extremely important to the destiny of humankind.
【定位】根据关键词the creation of the LCFI定位到第一段第二句
【解析】“crucial to the future of our civilization and our species” 对我们文明和我们物种的未来至关重要，与选项C对应。本题较为简单，选项A、选项B与选项D均没有在原文中提及，而且 文章 是在说LEFI的重要性。
48. What did Hawking say was a welcome change in AI research?
A) The shift of research focus from the past to the future.
B) The shift of research from theory to implementation.
C) The greater emphasis on the negative impact of AI.
D) The increasing awareness of mankind’s past stupidity.
48. A. The shift of research focus from the past to the future.
【定位】根据关键词a welcome change定位到第二段末尾句
【解析】it’s a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence. 人们研究的是智慧的未来，这是一个令人欢迎的变化。根据前文的We spend a great deal of time studying history…is mostly the history of stupidity可知，我们花了很多时间研究愚蠢的历史，可以选出选项A。选项B与选项C在原文没有提及。选项D偏离了重点，题干是在问令人欢迎的变化是什么，对应原文“从研究历史到研究未来的转换”。
49. What concerns did Hawking raise about AI?
A) It may exceed human intelligence sooner or later.
B) It may ultimately over-amplify the human mind.
C) Super-intelligence may cause its own destruction.
D) Super—intelligence may eventually ruin mankind.
49. D. Super—intelligence may eventually ruin mankind.
【定位】根据题干concerns和Hawking raise about AI定位到原文第三段第一句
【解析】…raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence…：如果人类有自己的意愿创造出一种超级智能，那么人类可能是自身毁灭的建筑师。对应选项D。选项A与选项B没有在原文提及。选项D与选项C的差异在于，选项D是说人工智能毁灭人类，选项C是说人工智能毁灭人工智能自身。这是题目陷阱——原文中的its own destruction，its指代前文的humanity人类。
50. What do we learn about some entrepreneurs from the technology industry?
A) They are much influenced by the academic community.
B) They are most likely to benefit from AI development.
C) They share the same concerns about AI as academic.
D) They believe they can keep AI under human control.
50. C. They share the same concerns about AI as academic.
【定位】根据关键词some entrepreneurs定位到原文最后一段第二句
【解析】most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk, have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity. 最著名的企业家埃隆·马斯克，也表达了他们对超级智能人工智能可能对人类造成的损害的担忧。这种担忧正是前文的学术界表达的。所以选项C为正确答案。选项A、选项B与选项D均没有在原文中提及。
阅读篇二：
Question 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach $30 billion by next year, and startups(初创公司)want in on the action. What they sometimes lack is feedback from the people who they hope will use their products. So Brookdale, the country’s largest owner of retirement communication, has been inviting a few select entrepreneurs just to move in for a few days, show off their products and hear what the residents have to say.
That’s what brought Dayle Rodriguez, 28, all the way from England to the dining room of Brookdale South Bay in Torrance, California. Rodriguez is the community and marketing manager for a company called Sentab. The startup’s product, Sentab TV, enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email, video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control.
“It’s nothing new, it’s nothing too complicated and it’s natural because lots of people have TV remotes,” says Rodriguez.
But none of that is the topic of conversation in the Brookdale dining room. Instead, Rodriguez solicits residents’ advice on what he should get on his cheeseburger and how he should spend the afternoon. Playing cards was on the agenda, as well as learning to play mahjong( 麻将 ).
Rodriguez says it’s important that residents here don’t feel like he’s selling them something. “I’ve had more feedback in a passive approach,” he says. “Playing pool, playing cards, having dinner, having lunch,” all work better “than going through a survey of questions. When they get to know me and to trust me, knowing for sure I’m not selling them something – there’ll be more honest feedback from them.”
Rodriguez is just the seventh entrepreneur to move into one of Brookdale’s 1,100 senior living communities. Other new products in the program have included a kind of full-body blow dryer and specially designed clothing that allows people with disabilities to dress and undress themselves.
Mary Lou Busch, 93, agreed to try the Sentab system. She tells Rodriguez that it might be good for someone, but not for her.
“I have the computer and Face Time, which I talk with my family on,” she explains. She also has an iPad and a smartphone. “So I do pretty much everything I need to do.”
To be fair, if Rodriguez had wanted feedback from some more technophobic(害怕技术的) seniors, he might have ended up in the wrong Brookdale community. This one is located in the heart of Southern California’s aerospace corridor. Many residents have backgrounds in engineering, business and academic circles.
But Rodriguez says he’s still learning something important by moving into this Brookdale community: “People are more tech-proficient than we thought.”
And besides, where else would he learn to play mahjong?
51. What does the passage say about the startups?
A) They never lose time in upgrading products for seniors.
B) They want to have a share of the seniors’ goods market.
C) They invite seniors to their companies to try their products.
D) They try to profit from promoting digital products to seniors.
答案：B
【解析】
The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach $30 billion by next year, and startups(初创公司)want in on the action.
原句中说专门为老年人定制产品市场在明年将创300亿美元的营业额，而startups初创公司也want in on the action想要从中分取一杯羹。选项，就是跟The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach $30 billion by next year, and startups(初创公司)want in on the action.的同义替换。
52. Some entrepreneurs have been invited to Brookdale to .
A) have an interview with potential customers
B) conduct a survey of retirement communities
C) collect residents’ feedback on their products
D) show senior residents how to use IT products
答案：C
【解析】
So Brookdale, the country’s largest owner of retirement communication, has been inviting a few select entrepreneurs just to move in for a few days, show off their products and hear what the residents have to say.这里的题眼在于hear what the residents have to say，听听居民们对他们的产品怎么看，也就是选项C中的collect residents’ feedback。
53. What do we know about SentabTV?
A) It is a TV program catering to the interest of the elderly.
B) It is a digital TV which enjoys popularity among seniors.
C) It is a TV specially designed for seniors to view programs.
D) It is a communication system via TV instead of a computer.
答案：D
【解析】
The startup’s product, Sentab TV, enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email, video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control.
原文中提到SentabTV帮助不习惯用电脑的老年人，跟选项D中instead of a computer呼应。
54. What does Rodriguez say is important in promoting products?
A) Winning trust from prospective customers.
B) Knowing the likes and dislikes of customers.
C) Demonstrating their superiority on the spot.
D) Responding promptly to customer feedback.
答案：A
【解析】
Rodriguez says it’s important that residents here don’t feel like he’s selling them something. “I’ve had more feedback in a passive approach,” he says. “Playing pool, playing cards, having dinner, having lunch,” all work better “than going through a survey of questions. When they get to know me and to trust me, knowing for sure I’m not selling them something – there’ll be more honest feedback from them.”
原句中提到了When they get to know me and to trust me，重要在于能得到居民的了解与信任，对应选项A，获得潜在客户的信任。
55. What do we learn about the seniors in the Brookdale community?
A) Most of them are interested in using the Sentab.
B) They are quite at ease with high-tech products.
C) They have much in common with seniors elsewhere.
D) Most of them enjoy a longer life than average people.
答案：B
【解析】
But Rodriguez says he’s still learning something important by moving into this Brookdale community: “People are more tech-proficient than we thought.”这句话的最后半句提到，人们比我们想象中精通技术，B选项的quite at ease with指的是人们对高科技产品使用的得心应手，正好为同义替换。
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Section A选词填空
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on ,Answer Street 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development. "The adolescent becomes an adult when he26__________ a real job." To cognitive researchers like Piaget, adulthood meant the beginning of an27__________ .
Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work, their newly acquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal. The28__________ of such ideals, without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession, rapidly leads adolescents to become29__________ of the non-idealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way. Piaget said: "True adaptation to society comes30__________ when the adolescent reformer attempts to put his ideas to work."
Of course, youthful idealism is often courageous, and no one likes to give up dreams. Perhaps, taken31__________ out of context, Piaget's statement seems harsh. What he was32__________ , however, is the way reality can modify idealistic views. Some people refer to such modification as maturity. Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and to mature.
As careers and vocations become less available during times of33__________ , adolescents may be especially hard hit. Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents34__________ about their roles in society. For this reason, community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only economically __35__ but also help to stimulate the adolescent's sense of worth.
A. automatically
B. beneficial
C. capturing
D. confused
E. emphasizing
F. entrance
G. excited
H. existence
I. incidentally
J. intolerant
K. occupation
L. promises
M. recession
N. slightly
O. undertakes
Section B段落匹配
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Can societies be rich and green?
[A] our economies are to flourish, if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world's people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends." That statement comes not, as you might imagine, from a stereotypical tree-hugging, save-the-world greenie (环保主义者), but from Gordon Brown, a politician with a reputation for rigour, thoroughness and above all, caution.
[B] A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world's most powerful economies to say? Perhaps; though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium (千年的)Goals, he is far from alone. The roots of his speech, given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations, stretch back to 1972, and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.
[C] "The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world," read the final declaration from this gathering, the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.
[D] Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year's Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.
[E] Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy. Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic, some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two.
[F] If such an indicator exists, it is well hidden. And on reflection, this is not surprising; the single word "environment" has so many dimensions, and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible.
[G] The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year, found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably— working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term, but certainly brings long-term rewards.
[H] And the World Resources Institute (WRI) in its World Resources 2005 report, issued at the end of August, produced several such examples from Africa and Asia; it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich, as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them.
[I] But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment, in rich and poor parts of the world alike, whether through unregulated mineral extraction, drastic water use for agriculture, slash-and-burn farming, or fossil-fuel-guzzling (大量消耗) transport. Of course, such growth may not persist in the long term—which is what Mr. Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out. Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery. For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod (鳕鱼) provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000 people, sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland. Then, abruptly, the cod population collapsed. There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself, let alone an industry. More than a decade later, there was no sign of the ecosystem re-building itself. It had, apparently, been fished out of existence; and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor.
[J] There is a view that modem humans are inevitably sowing the seeds of a global Grand Banks-style disaster. The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet's environmental bank balance than it can sustain; we are living beyond our ecological means. One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this "ecological overshoot of the human economy", and found that we are using 1.2 Earth's-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in, and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free-will grind to a halt.
[K] Whether this is right, and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall, is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations. It is also the reason why development agencies are not
united in their view of environmental issues; while some, like the WRI, maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development, others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy, and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation.
[L] This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care. But is this right? Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous. "In the developing countries," it says, "most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development." So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world? Not necessarily; "In the industrialized countries, environmental problems are generally related to industrialisation and technological development," it continues. In other words, poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world, but for different reasons. It's simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner.
[M] Clearly, richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities. Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks, clean rivers, clean air and poison-free food They also, however, use far more natural resources—fuel, water (all those baths and golf courses) and building materials.
[N] A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems, the most graphic example being climate change. As a country's wealth grows, so do its greenhouse gas emissions. The figures available will not be completely accurate. Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use; not all nations have released up-to-date data, and in any case, emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics. But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible. As countries become richer, they produce more greenhouse gases; and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world.
[O] Wealth is not, of course, the only factor involved. The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen, but contributes about half as much to climate change. But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels? That question, repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet, is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
36. Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress.
37. Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world.
38. It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.
39. The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth.
40. Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress.
41. It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment.
42. Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run.
43. A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment.
44. Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations's economic development.
45. One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth.
Section C仔细阅读
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. , B. , C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of "Friends", a popular situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston's with a few taps on their remote control. "It's been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years," says Colin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.
So the news that Cablevision, an American cable company, was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote controls early next year.
Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year. The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet, which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like click-through rates—especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising, "many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV," says David Kline of Cablevision. Or so the industry hopes.
In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30-second spots do not Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant (除臭剂), which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average.
The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small. Magna, an advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million this year. That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it. A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year. BrightLine iTV, which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest has surged: it expects its revenues almost to triple this year. BSkyB, Britain's biggest satellite-television service, already provides 9 million customers with interactive ads.
Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a "lean back" medium, crave interaction. Click-through rates have been high so far (around 3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty. Interactive ads and viewers might not go well together.
46. What does Colin Dixon mean by saying "It's been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years(Lines 4-5, Para. 1)?
A. Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.
B. Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so.
C. Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies.
D. Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.
47. What is the public's response to Cablevision's planned interactive TV advertising program?
A. Pretty positive.
B. Totally indifferent.
C. Somewhat doubtful.
D. Rather critical.
48. What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising?
A. It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.
B. It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.
C. It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.
D. It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.
49. What do we learn about Unilever's interactive campaign?
A. It proves the advantage of TV advertising.
B. It has done well in engaging the viewers.
C. It helps attract investments in the company.
D. It has boosted the TV advertising industry.
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