调研卷信息答案(调研卷的答案)

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初三英语教学质量调研试卷带答案

初三英语教学质量调研试卷

一、选择填空(共25小题;每小题1分,满分25分)

A)单项填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1. You can try_______ second time if you fail_______ first time.

A the; the B. a; the C. the; a D. a; a

2. --- We‘ll visit the Summer Palace_______ there is a heavy rain tomorrow.

--- OK ! Boating on the lake must be interesting.

A unless B. since C. until D. if

3. -- I will buy you a new bike if you learn how to swim this summer.

-- Is that a _______? I‘m sure I‘ll get the bike.

A. chance B. trick C. promise D. treat

4. --- The dish looked bad, but it_______ OK.

--- So it‘s not right to judge a man by his appearance.

A tastes B. was tasting C. was tasted D. tasted

5. --- No one_______ be compared with Messi in playing football.

--- Oh, you are really his big fan.

A. might B. could C. must D. can

6. There are a small number of people involved, possibly_______ ten

A as few as B. as little as C. as many as D. as much as

7. Arthur‘s memory starts to go wrong because of his age. So does_______.

A. I B. mine C. me D. myself

8. --- What do you often do_______ classes to relax yourselves?

--- We often do eye exercises, listen to music or do some running around the school.

A. in B. among C. between D. during

9. --_______ will you stay here?

--- Until tomorrow afternoon.

A How long B. How soon C. When D. How often

10. --- Did you watch the snooker game yesterday?

-- Yes, I did. Xiao Guodong is really a dark horse. Nobody _______ him to go so far.

A supposed B. hoped C. expected D. wanted

11. _______ a book in the library, enter a key word into the computer.

A To finding B. Finding C. Find D. To find

12. --- I‘m tired. I‘m taking next week off.

---_______, honey. You do need a break.

A. Not so sure B. Forget it C. Great idea D. No way

13. With the development of science and technology, news can be_______ to every corner of the world in seconds.

A put out B. sent out C. run out D. taken out

14. --- She‘s never spoken to a foreigner, _______?

--- Yes. She is active and can speak English freely.

A is she B. has she C. isn‘t she D. hasn‘t she

15. --- How soon will you start your journey?

--- I‘m not sure. I haven‘t decided_______.

A. when shall I ask the boss for leave

B. where I will go to spend the holiday

C. if I would go by train or by plane

D. who should I travel with

B)完形填空 先通读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后在每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

While I was waiting to enter university, I saw an advertisement in a newspaper –a teaching job wanted at a school. The school was about ten miles from where I lived. I was in great 16 of money and wanted to do something useful, so I 17 .

Three days later, a letter arrived. It asked me to meet the principal of the school at Croydon. It proved to be a(n) 18 journey -a train to Croydon station, a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of 19 a quarter of a mile.

A man who was short and round seemed to be the principal and he opened the door for me. 'The school,' he said, 'has a group of twenty-four boys between seven and thirteen years old.' According to the man, I should have to teach all the subjects 20 art, which the man himself taught. I should have to 21 the class into three groups and teach them at three different levels, and I was not glad at the 22 of teaching Maths -a subject which I wasn‘t good at. It was 23 that I had to teach them on Saturday afternoon because most of my friends would be 24 themselves at that time.

Before I had time to ask about my 25 ,the man got up to his feet. 'Now,' he said,“You‘d better meet my wife. She is the one who really runs this school.”

16.A. fear B. need C. danger D. control

17.A. applied B. arranged C announced D. accepted

18.A comfortable B. boring C short D. unpleasant

19.A at first B. at most C at least D. at last

20.A. besides B. except C including D. about

21.A. cut B. divide C turn D. gather

22.A. action B. way C movement D. thought

23.A. worse B. better C harder D. nicer

24.A helping B. believing C enjoying D. losing

25.A. fund B. value C. award D. pay

二、阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下列短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Once upon a time, an old woman had two large water pots. Each hung on the end of a pole(杆子)which she carried across her neck.

One of the pots had a crack in it while the other pot was perfect, From the river to the house, the cracked pot arrived only half full. And the other pot was always full. The perfect pot took pride in its talent. But the poor cracked pot felt sad for its own disadvantage.

One day by the river the cracked pot said to the woman, 'I feel bad about myself, because the crack in me causes water to come out all the way back to your house.”

The old woman smiled and said, 'Why are there flowers on your side of the road, but not on the other pot‘s side? That‘s because I have always known about your crack. So I planted flowers on your side of the road, and every day while we walk back, you water them. For two years I have been able to pick these beautiful flowers to decorate my house, There would not be this beauty without you. Each of us has our own cracks. But the cracks make our lives so interesting and beautiful.'

So, to all the cracked pot friends, have a great day and remember to smell the flowers on your side of the road!

26. If each of the two pots could be filled with 20 kilos of water, the woman would probably get _______ kilos of water from the river to the house.

A 10 B. 20 C. 30 D. 40

27. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A The woman preferred the perfect pot to the cracked pot.

B. The cracked pot felt more talented than the perfect pot.

C. There were beautiful flowers on both sides of the road.

D. The old woman decorated her house with some flowers.

28. What can we learn from the story?

A Everyone has a talent.

B. A true friend is hard to find.

C. Success never comes easily.

D. Mistakes improve our learning,

B

Have you ever had an embarrassing(尴尬的)experience? Last week we asked readers to tell us about embarrassing experiences. We received thousands of letters! Here is a selection.

Tony:

My most embarrassing experience happened when I had just left university. I had just started teaching in a Liverpool secondary school. One morning my alarm clock didn‘t ring. I woke up at half past eight and school began at nine. I quickly washed, dressed, jumped into my car and rushed to school. When I arrived, the students had already gone into class. I didn‘t go to the office, but went straight into class. After two or three minutes the students began laughing, and I couldn‘t understand why! Suddenly I looked down and understood. I had put on one black shoe and one brown shoe!

Henry:

The most embarrassing experience I‘ve ever had, happened two years ago. After seeing a film, my wife and I had lunch in our favourite restaurant in town. Then we decided to take a walk along the street. The street was very busy and we started holding hands. Suddenly my wife saw a dress that she liked in a shop window, and stopped. I started looking at some watches in the next window. After a minute or two I reached for my wife‘s hand. There was a loud scream, and a woman slapped my face. I hadn‘t taken my wife‘s hand. I‘d taken the hand of a complete stranger!

James:

My wife and I had decided to buy a new house, and I‘d made an appointment to see our bank manager. I‘d never met him before. I went into town in my car and I was lucky enough to find a parking space outside the bank. I‘d just started reversing(倒车) into the space when another car made its way into it. I was irritated! I opened my window and shouted at the man in the car. He ignored me and walked away. It took me twenty minutes to find another place. As soon as I had parked the car, I rushed back to the bank. I was ten minutes late for my appointment. I went to the manager‘s office, knocked and walked in. The manager was sitting behind his desk. He was the man who had taken my parking space!

29. The students began laughing when they saw Tony_______.

A. wearing a wrong shoe B. carrying an alarm clock

C. looking down suddenly D. rushing into the classroom

30. Henry was embarrassed because he_______.

A slapped the woman in the face

B. took the hand of a complete stranger

C. heard his wife screaming in the street

D. knocked over some watches in the shop

31. James went into town to_______.

A. put money in the bank B. look for a job

C. meet the bank manager D. buy a new car

32. The underlined word 'irritated' probably means '_______ '.

A. angry B. impolite C. worried D. embarrassed

C

Roosegaarde, an artist and designer from Dutch has thought of a device(装置). He hopes it will make Beijing‘s sky clear again and help the people with masks breathe fresh air again in Beijing.

An electromagnetic field(电磁场) will pull the dirty particles in the air to the ground, and then they can be easily cleaned.

Roosegaarde says, 'It‘s like when you have a balloon which has static electricity(静电) and your hair goes toward it. Smog happens the same way as the hair.'

His workplace has reached an agreement with the Beijing government to test the technology in one of the capital‘s parks. Beijing‘s skies are regularly covered by grey smog. Serious cases of air pollution are often reported in Beijing. Roosegaarde says an indoor test has already shown it works well and he is confident of the results. With the help of a team of scientists and engineers, he is sure that the device can be worked outside.

'Beijing is a very good place to test the device because the smog in Beijing is quite low and there‘s not so much wind.' says Roosegaarde. 'We‘ll be able to make the air pure but the most difficult thing is to remove the smog. As a result, you can see the sun again.'

Roosegaarde also reminds us that his aim is not only to give a plan to solve Beijing‘s dirty air pollution but also to make people pay attention to the environment problem. He adds, 'This is not the real answer for smog. The real answer to do with it is clean cars, different industry and different lifestyles. ' However, he hopes the project will make the citizens realize the differences between clean air and smog-filled air.

33. The device works by_______.

A helping keep the particles out with more masks

B. pulling particles to the ground with an electromagnetic field

C. absorbing hair with a balloon with static

D. creating clean air and letting it out into the sky

34. What does Roosegaarde use his device for?

A To make smog. B. To make the air clean

C. To make static electricity. D. To make Beijing‘s parks beautiful.

35. After reading the passage, we can know_______.

A the device doesn‘t work well indoors

B. the people with masks can breathe fresher air

C. Beijing government agreed to test the device

D. clean cars aren‘t helpful to the environment in Beijing

36. Roosegaarde hopes people in Beijing can_______.

A pay attention to air pollution and solve the problem finally

B. invent more devices to clean the smog in Beijing

C. drive modern cars and try different lifestyles

D. realize how serious the pollution they‘re facing is

D

According to scientists‘ research, the month in which babies are born could affect them in some ways.

Babies born in spring get sick easily. Children born under Aquarius may be less clever than those born in other seasons. They may also have shorter lives than those born in autumn Scientists believe many of the differences can be explained by the mother‘s exposure to sunlight in pregnancy(怀孕). Sunlight helps lead to the production of Vitamin D in the body. The lack of this in the first months of life may have a bad effect on mental and physical health.

Vitamin D, called the 'sunshine vitamin', is known to help regulate(调节) thousands of genes during development, according to a study of more than two million people. So Vitamin D has a good effect on health This study showed that people born from April to June had slightly shorter lives than those born in October, November or December. Similar studies in the USA showed that people born in autumn lived about 160 days longer than those born in spring.

Professor Russell Foster, an Oxford University neuroscientist on seasonal biology, said the conclusions were surprising and interesting. He added, 'These are small effects but they are very, very clear. I am not giving voice to star signs and they are just for fun. But it is true that we are affected by our season of birth.'

37.A baby‘s season of birth doesn‘t affect its_______.

A health B height C length of life D. mind

38. According to the passage,_______ can help people get Vitamin D.

A. enough sleep B. enough sunlight

C fresh air D. suitable seasons

39. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. People born in spring may not be in good health.

B. Children born under Aquarius are cleverer than those born under Libra.

C. Professor Russell Foster is interested in star signs and believes in them

D. People born in May will live longer than those born in October.

40. What does the passage mainly tell us?

A. People can know the length of life by star sign.

B. Women should choose to give birth to children in spring.

C A child‘s season of birth has some effect on him or her.

D. Vitamin D is very important to people‘s health.

第II卷(非选择题,共45分)

三、单词拼写(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)

根据下列句子所给汉语注释或对话情景,在答题卡标有题号的'横线上,写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。

41. It‘s doubtful ▲ (是否)there‘ll be any seats left or not.

42. The notice at the end of the road ▲ (警告)people not to go any further.

43. Hopefully, those climbers have covered ▲ (五分之四)of the distance.

44. The ▲ (热)in the room makes me uncomfortable,

45. Without enough sleep you can‘t work ▲ (正常地).

46. There seems to be a huge balloon ▲ (漂浮)across the sky.

47. As the curtain ▲ (上升)slowly, the audience fell silent.

48.---Judy, I guess you are only twenty-five years old, is that true?

---Oh, it‘s a ▲ .

49.-Could you please ▲ us with some new information about MH370?

-Of course. Anyway, it is a sad story.

50.---It will be my turn. I feel a little ▲ .

---Take it easy. You can make it.

四、句子翻译(共5小题;每小题3分,满分15分)

将下列句子译成英语,并将所译句子写在答题卡标有题号的横线上。

51.骑自行车环绕苏州是多么有乐趣啊!

52.他离开得如此匆忙,以至于忘了锁门。

53.别担心,你不久就会习惯他的幽默感。

54.你注意到我们教室的墙被涂成了白色吗?

55.用英语回答这个问题你有困难吗?

五、书面表达(共1题;满分20分)

一个民族有自己的“民族梦”,一个国家有自己的“国家梦”,同样,每个人也应有属于自己的“美丽梦想”。最近,你班就“我们的梦想职业”展开了一次调查。下表是你们小组的调查情况。请根据表格内容写一篇英语短文,向英语校刊投稿。

注意:1. 100词左右。短文的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;

2.不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息;

3.可在必要处作适当发挥。

Our Dream Jobs

Recently we did a survey in our class in order to learn about students‘ ideal jobs. Here‘s a report about my group members‘ ideas.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

初三英语教学质量调研试卷参考答案

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烟台十一五课题调研卷生物试题及答案

2011届山东省烟台市“十一五”课题调研卷高三地理试题 (2011-1)

注意事项: 1.本试题分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分,第Ⅰ卷为选择题,第Ⅱ卷为综合题。考试时间90分钟。

2.请把第Ⅰ卷的答案填涂在答题卡上(或答题纸上),第Ⅱ卷的答案直接做在试卷上(或答题纸上)。考试结束后只交答题卡和第Ⅱ卷(或答题纸)。

第Ⅰ卷(选择题)

一、单项选择题(共25小题,每小题2分,共50分)

读“某地等高线地形图”,该图的等高距为150米,Q点海拔为200米。完成1~2题。 1.图中序号所示四个地点,不可能发育成河流的是

A.① B.② C.③ D.④

2.关于该地区农业资源优势的叙述,正确的是

A.土地类型多样,土壤肥力高

B.水、热配合好,没有气象灾害

C.水资源充足,昼夜温差大

D.生物品种丰富多样,适合发展农业多种经营

下图中,左图是“北半球气候类型分布模式图”,右图表示在不同纬度的四地垂直竖立高度相同的旗杆,正午时旗杆顶点的影子周年变化范围示意图。读图完成3~4题。 3.左图中,由单一气压带或风带控制而形成和由气压带或风带交替控制而形成的气候类型分别是

A.m、n和b、e B.b、n和c、e C.s、e和t、c D.t、r和c、e

4.左图中d地区标杆的影子与右图中对应的可能是

A.①、② B.②、④ C.①、③ D.③、④

下面甲图中PQ为晨昏线的一部分(且陆地地形较为平坦),乙图中的年径流量曲线是从甲图中A、E两处测得的,读图回答5~6题。 5.下列说法正确的是

A.该地位于北半球,PQ线为昏线 B.该地位于南半球,PQ线为晨线

C.PQ间的实际距离约为30km D.图中河流径流的季节变化小

6.关于图中河流说法正确的是

①流向为由E到A

②流向为由A到E

③甲图所示季节该河流补给湖泊

④甲图所示季节该湖泊补给河流

A.①③ B.②③ C.①④ D.②④

“地球工程”包括:发射反光板到地球运动轨道、人工造云、人工制造巨型“树木”、人造“火山”向空中释放硫化物等。2010年10月29日联合国宣布在全球延缓实施“地球工程”。回答7~8题。

7.“地球工程”旨在遏制哪种环境问题恶化的趋势

A.大气污染 B.湿地丧失 C.物种灭绝 D.全球变暖

8.依据整体性原理,联合国延缓实施“地球工程”的理由不可能是

A.影响生物多样性 B.增强太阳辐射强度

C.影响气候及生态系统 D.增强自然灾害风险

图甲为某地牧草成长与乳牛草料需求关系图,图乙为该地气候资料。完成9~10题。

9.该地气候的突出特征是

A.终年高温多雨 B.夏季凉爽,冬季温和多雨

C.大陆性强,降水变率大 D.高温期与多雨期一致

10.图甲中P部分对应月份的牧草不能够满足需要,主要原因是

A.气温太低 B.降水太少 C.乳牛大量繁殖 D.雨雪频繁

下表为中国河川径流带主要特征值,据此回答11~13题。 11.表中A、D河川径流带所在地区的主要外力作用分别是

A.流水利用 风力作用 B.风力作用 流水作用

C.冰川作用 风力作用 D.风力作用 海浪作用

12.与表中B、C河川径流带对应的自然植被分别是

A.荒漠 落叶阔叶林 B.温带草原 针叶林

C.温带草原 亚热带常绿阔叶林 D.落叶阔叶林 亚热带常绿阔叶林

13.表中B径流带所在地区生态保护的可行性措施是

A.合理确定载畜量,防治土地荒漠化

B.保护天然植被,防治水土流失

C.退耕还林还草,进行小流域综合治理

D.合理利用水资源,发展瓜果棉等特色产业

读“世界某国家经济区发展变化模式图”,完成14~15题。 14.图中甲为该国核心经济区,经过a—b—c阶段的发展,该国核心经济区

A.空间范围逐渐扩大B.城市数量逐渐增多

C.始终为人口迁入区D.核心区地位有所下降

15.依据图示信息推断,该国家最可能是 A.德国 B.英国 C.美国 D.巴西

右图中阴影部分为我国某种水果集中产区。读后完成16~18题。

16.该产区种植的优势水果可能是

A.柑橘 B.香蕉 C.苹果 D.葡萄

17.该水果集中产区所处的温度带是

A.亚热带 B.暖温带 C.中温带 D.寒温带

18.与②水果产区相比,①产区的优势条件是

A.地形平坦,土壤肥沃 B.光照更充足,廉价劳动力多

C.种植历史悠久,科技水平高 D.交通便利,市场广阔

阅读“我国某年主要农产品产量和价格与世界相应指标关系图”,回答19~20题。 19.我国受国际市场冲击最严重的农产品是

A.水产品 B.油料 C.水果 D.粮棉

20.该种农产品受冲击严重是由于

①投入的机械化设备过多,导致价格偏高②农业科技投入较少,产品品质较差③投入劳动力过多,导致成本高④产量高,商品率高⑤人口多,购买力强,导致价格高

A.①④ B.②③ C.③④⑤ D.①②③⑤

读我国东部某历史名城分布示意图,回答21~22题。 21.有关图中城市形成和发展的区位条件,叙述正确的是

A.丰富的矿产资源是该城市形成的主要因素

B.交通运输的改善是促进城市进一步发展的主要因素

C.丰富的水能资源是该城市形成的主要因素

D.自然条件对城市的形成和发展影响不大

22.城中甲地为一钢铁厂,因城市发展需要,欲将钢铁厂迁往周边小城镇,下列四地中最适宜建钢铁厂的是

A.① B.② C.③ D.④

右图中甲、乙、丙反映了三类工厂的投入构成情况,据此回答23~24题。 23.按主导因素划分,甲类工厂代表的工业类型是

A.市场指向型 B.劳动力指向型 C.原料指向型 D.动力指向型

24.乙类工厂运费低的原因最不可能是

A.需要的原料和能源少 B.产品科技含量高

C.以航空运输为主 D.靠近原料地和消费市场

25.黄河三角洲高效生态经济区已经上升为国家战略,为配合区域开发,该区域制订了中长期发展规划,10年后,规划部门为快捷准确地获得规划的落实状况,可借助

A.GPS技术 B.GPS及GIS技术 C.RS及GIS技术 D.GIS技术 第Ⅱ卷(综合题)

二、综合题(共4个小题,50分)

26.古人在一篇游记中写道“登高南望,俯视太行诸山,晴岚可爱;北顾但寒沙衰草……”据此并结和右图,回答下列问题。(13分) (1)图中6个经纬线交点,其中与游记作者登临之处相距最近的交点地理坐标是 。(2分)

(2)根据游记中的描述,可以判断此时为 (季节);图中10℃等温线的走向东段和西段有明显的差异,试分析造成这种差异的主要原因: 。(4分)

(3)若一架飞机从小五台山附近机场起飞,以每小时1110千米的速度向北匀速飞行计划绕地球1周,因故在委内瑞拉首都加拉加斯(10°N)附近降落。(5分)

①飞机飞行了约 小时。 ②飞机降落地的经度约为 。

③飞机途经的国家可能是(不定项选择) 。

A.俄罗斯 B.加拿大 C.美国 D.墨西哥

④如起飞时北京时间为10月1日8点,那么降落时降落地的区时为 。

(4)古长城是世界著名物质文化遗产之一,由于旅游开发、交通建设等原因,致使长城破坏严重,除了人为原因外,还有哪些自然原因?(2分) 27.阅读下列两组材料,回答下列问题。(12分)

材料一:2010年5月,中央在新疆工作会议上正式批准喀什设立经济特区。喀什是中国的西大门,它地处亚欧大陆中心,边境线长达982公里,与五国接壤,有6个国家一类口岸对外开放,具有“五口通八国,一路连欧亚“的独特区位优势。甲、乙两图为该地所在区域图和地质剖面图。 材料二:喀什农副土特产丰富,主要盛产甜瓜、西瓜、葡萄、石榴、无花果、巴旦杏等瓜果,素有“瓜果之乡”的美誉。

(1)材料一中提到的“五口通八国,一路连欧亚”中的“一路”是指 (1分)

(2)图甲中A处的地貌类型为 ,图乙中的B处在地质构造上属于 ;结合甲、乙两图,分析喀什附近地区主要地形的成因。(6分)(3)喀什某中学地理兴趣小组为探究提高西瓜产量的途径,分两组进行实验种植,A组直接在田里种植,B组在田里覆盖一层砾石后种植。实验结果发现B组种植的西瓜单产高于A组。试运用所学知识帮助他们解释其原因。(3分)(4)请从地理位置、交通两方面,分析喀什经济特区发展的优越的区位条件。(2分) 28.读印度乔塔那格浦尔工业区和中国的沪宁杭工业区图,回答问题。(13分) (1)根据图中信息,比较两个工业区区位条件的异同点。(5分) (2)沪宁杭地区主要的农业地域类型是 ,该地区自古就是国家的粮仓,曾经向北方地区输送了大量的粮食,但近些年,由粮食的输出区变成了粮食输入区,试分析造成这种转变的原因。(6分)(3)图示两地区都是自然灾害频发区,试列举两地共同的自然灾害。(2分) 29.材料一 :阿拉斯加是美国的第49个州,面积为171万平方千米,森林、渔业、黄金、石油等资源丰富。1867年美国以720万美元、平均每英亩二分钱的价格从俄国购得。土著居民为爱斯基摩人、阿留申人和印第安人,其他种族被称为“新定居者”(New Settlers)。目前阿拉斯加州人口仅60多万,人口密度0.42人/平方千米。其中白人占67.6%,土著居民占15.6%,拉美裔人占4.1%,亚裔人占4%,黑人占3.5%,混血儿占5.4%。 请结合上述材料和美国阿拉斯加州简图,回答下列问题。(12分)

(1)与阿拉斯加州的其他地区比较,南部沿海地区气候温暖,主要的自然原因有哪些?(3分)(2)与美国本土比较,阿拉斯加州环境人口容量较 ,其主要原因 。该地区虽然人口少,但种族组成复杂,造成这种现象的原因是 。(5分)

(3)全球气候变暖,导致阿拉斯加冬季的气温已平均上升了约6℃,阿拉斯加气候的变化给当地带来的影响有( )。(2分)

①云杉林虫害增多②永久冻土融化造成森林、建筑破坏③海冰变薄、面积变小④河流流量短期内大幅度减少⑤最高峰麦金利山雪线降低

(4)2007年10月17日,世界上经济最发达的国家——美国,人口达到3亿,引起国际社会的广泛关注。英国《独立报》指出:“对支撑地球生命的自然体系来说,美国人口的快速增长显然不是什么好事。”请应用环境人口容量的相关原理,阐释这个观点。(2分)

高三地理试题参考答案及评分建议

一、单项选择题(每小题2分,共50分)

二、综合题(共4小题,共50分)

26.(13分)

(1)(41°N,115°E)(2分) (2)秋季(2分) 10℃等温线东半段接近东西走向,主要受纬度因素影响。10℃等温线的西半段呈东北—西南走向,主要受太行山走向的影响。(2分)

(3)①13(1分) ②65°W(1分) ③ABC(2分) ④10月1日9时(1分) (4)风化、侵蚀、沙漠掩埋等(2分)

27.(12分)

(1)丝绸之路(1分) (2)(山前)冲积扇(1分) 断层(地堑)(1分)

受内力作用,地壳断裂凹陷(2分),受流水的冲积作用,而形成的冲积扇平原(2分)

(3)砂砾层减少了水分的蒸发;白天增温快,夜晚冷却快,增大土壤日温差,利于养分的积累;可以有效减少(风沙等造成的)土壤养分流失。(3分,答对两点即可,答对一点得1分)

(4)该地位于亚欧大陆的中部,边境线长,与五国接壤,有利于发展对外贸易业,该地具有“五口通八国,一路连欧亚”的独特区位优势,有利于与周围地区的联系(2分)

28.(13分)

(1)

(2)水稻种植业(2分)

①城市化的推进占用部分耕地;②城郊农业的发展、出口农产品基地建设,使得粮食作物占地面积缩小;③人口数量的增多,粮食需求量增长;(任意答出2点即可,4分)

(3)台风(飓风)、洪涝、干旱、风暴潮等(2分)

29.(12分)

(1)纬度相对较低;阿拉斯加暖流的增温作用;山脉对北方的冷空气有阻挡作用。(3分)(2)小(1分)气候严寒,自然条件恶劣(热量因素)(2分)资源开发,吸引大量外来人口(2分)(3)①②③ (2分)

(4)环境人口容量是一个区域所能容纳的最大人口数量,与人均消费水平呈负相关。美国生活消费水平高,人均资源消耗量远高于全球平均水平,这种高消费的生活方式,随着人口的增长会给资源和环境带来巨大的压力,导致全球的环境人口容量下降。(2分)

八年级上册语文第二次调研测试卷和答案

一、基础知识及运用(30分)

1.读下面的句子,根据拼音提示,把恰当的字填写在横线上。(4分)

九寨沟是一个佳景荟cuì_▲__、神奇莫测的kuàng_▲___世胜地;是一个不见xiān__▲__尘、自然纯净的“童话世界”。只是由于人的到来,它变得喧huá___▲__和杂乱了。

2.默写。(10分)

(1)______▲____________?齐鲁青未了。造化钟神秀,______▲_____________。

(2)荡胸生曾云,_____▲______________。_______▲___________,一览众山小。

(3)几处早莺争暖树,_________▲_______。______▲______________,浅草才能没马蹄。

(4)飞来山上千寻塔,______▲__________。不畏浮云遮望眼,▲。

(5)写出两句描写我国大好河山的古诗文。

_______▲__________________,▲。

3.下列各句中,没有语病的一项是(4分)(▲)

A.为了防止酒驾事件不再发生,眉山市加大了巡查整治力度。

B.学校开展地震安全常识教育活动,可以增强同学们的安全自我保护。

C.完善食品安全法规,规范食品安全监管机制,提高人们的食品安全意识,已经到了迫在眉睫的地步了。

D.学生能够熟练而规范地书写正楷字,是衡量学生是否达到《语文课程标准》对汉字书写的要求。

4.仿句练习。(2分)

例句:不到阿里山,何以能说到了台湾?不到神木,又何以能说到了阿里山?

5.名著阅读《钢铁是怎样炼成的》。(10分)【(1)-(3)每题2分,第(4)题4分】

(1)《钢铁是怎样炼成的》中,保尔是在谁的影响下走向革命道路?(▲)

A.阿维尔巴赫教授B.巴扎诺娃C.朱赫莱D.母亲

(2)《钢铁是怎样炼成的》多次描绘了一条美丽的河,它是(▲)

A.西德维纳河B.第聂伯河C.顿河D.伏尔加河

(3)小说以“钢铁”命名的原因分析不正确的是(▲)

A.不是蓝色的眼睛,而应该象钢铁般灰色的眼睛。

B.“斯大林”在俄语里就有“钢铁”的意思,这部小说体现了斯大林的思想。

C.人们应有保尔钢铁般的意志。D.打仗需要用钢铁作的武器。

(4)保尔是在什么情况下,对生命的价值进行思考的?他为什么能对生命的意义想的那样深刻?▲

二、阅读理解(60分)

(一)、阅读《阿里山纪行》节选部分,完成文后问题。(12分)

满眼是未加采伐的原始森林。①潭无鱼鳖,林无鸟兽,②偶或有如蝉、如蝇、如蚊的声音,侧耳谛听、分辨、捕捉,却又没有了。那是静谧的世界、净洁的世界,甚或禅的世界。偶有人声也是悄悄的,舍不得打破山间的安宁。同行者都在深深地吸气,仿佛要把整个阿里山的空气都吸进去,不再吐出来。

几乎在树身之间穿行,我们终于看到了神木。它是台湾著名的红桧,木有香气,高达58米,胸径6.5米,可以说是罕见的庞然大物。大就成了”精”,成了”神”。其树龄约有三千年,被发现的历史也近一个世纪了。这些或许是它被冠名为”神木”的原因吧。同时,我也明白了,没有那无边无际的原始森林,是孕育不出”神木”这样的树中巨子的。

下山的路上,不知谁哼起《高山青》,”阿里山的姑娘美如水,”但整个游程却没有看到。山中,树多人少,不知道阿里山的姑娘究竟在何方。树密、阴厚,仿佛能揉出浓汁。我只觉得,阿里山的风光美如画?

6.神木为什么被称之为”神木”?(2分)

__________________________▲________________________________________

7.你怎么理解划线句①,那些鱼、鸟、兽到哪里去了呢?(4分)

__________________________▲_________________________________________________

8.结合划线句②,说说作者当时的感受。(2分)

__________________________▲_________________________________________________

9.作者没有见到阿里山的姑娘,他遗憾吗?阿里山的姑娘究竟在哪里呢?(4分)

__________________________▲_________________________________________________

(二)、阅读《小石潭记》完成文后的问题。(18分)

从小丘西行百二十步,隔篁竹,闻水声,如鸣佩环,心乐之。伐竹取道,下见小潭,水尤清冽。全石以为底,近岸,卷石底以出,为坻,为屿,为嵁,为岩。青树翠蔓,蒙络摇缀,参差披拂。

潭中鱼可百许头,皆若空游无所依。日光下彻,影布石上,佁然不动;俶尔远逝,往来翕忽,似与游者相乐。

潭西南而望,斗折蛇行,明灭可见。其岸势犬牙差互,不可知其源。

坐潭上,四面竹树环合,寂寥无人,凄神寒骨,悄怆幽邃。以其境过清,不可久居,乃记之而去。

同游者:吴武陵,龚古,余弟宗玄。隶而从者,崔氏二小生:曰恕己,曰奉壹。

10.解释下列加点字在文中的意思。(8分)

(1)潭中鱼可百许头____▲_________

(2)斗折蛇行_______▲_________

(3)以其境过清_________▲_______

(4)不可久居_______▲_________

11.用现代汉语写出“俶尔远逝,往来翕忽,似与游者相乐。”的意思。(3分)

______________________________▲_____________________________________________

12.作者在游小石潭时的心情有什么变化,结合你对作者的了解说说是什么原因导致他的心情变化的?(4分)

____________________________▲_______________________________________________

13.结合上下文说说为什么”闻水声,如鸣佩环”?(3分)

____________________________▲_______________________________________________

(三)、比较阅读甲文《答谢中书书》和乙文《记承天寺夜游》,完成14—17题。(18分)

【甲文】山川之美,古来共谈。高峰入云,清流见底。两岸石壁,五色交辉。青林翠竹。四时俱备。晓雾将歇,猿鸟乱鸣;夕日欲颓,沉鳞竞跃。实是欲界之仙都。自康乐以来,未复有能与其奇者。

【乙文】元丰六年十月十二日夜,解衣欲睡月色入户欣然起行念无与为乐者遂至承天寺寻张怀民。怀民亦未寝,相与步于中庭。庭下如积水空明,水中藻、荇交横,盖竹柏影也。何夜无月?何处无竹柏?但少闲人如吾两人者耳。

14.用“/”为文中画线句子标出停顿。(2分)

解衣欲睡月色人户欣然起行念无与为乐者遂至承天寺寻张怀民。

15.解释下列加点的词。(4分)

(1)晓雾将歇(▲)

(2)未复有能与其奇者(▲)

(3)怀民亦未寝(▲)

(4)但少闲人如吾两人者耳(▲)

16.用现代汉语翻译下列句子。(4分)

(1)沉鳞竞跃。▲

(2)相与步于中庭。▲

17.填空。(8分)

(1)甲文写景动静相衬,其中通过生命活动的描写,为景增添动感的语句是“_____▲____”和“____▲___”。乙文写景的名句是“________▲_”。(4分)

(2)甲乙两文都写了自然景物,甲文描绘了“▲之美”,乙文描写了“▲之美”。但两文表达的思想感情有所不同,甲文表达了作者的▲思想感情;乙文则把赏月的欣喜、漫步的悠闲、贬谪的悲凉、人生的感慨等微妙复杂的思想感情浓缩在文中“__________▲”的语句中。(4分)

(四)、阅读说明文,完成习题。(12分,每题3分)

人类正面临着全球变暖的挑战。联合国的一份报告向我们描述了气候变化产生的灾难性后果:森林消失和沙漠扩大,将使非洲成为受影响最广的地区;热带流行的疟疾和寄生虫病将向北蔓延,使欧洲出现流行病;地中海地区由于严重缺水会半沙漠化,滑雪运动在欧洲将荡然无存;在英国,肆虐的冬季风暴将变得司空见惯,东部的某些地方可能变得过于干旱而无法种植各类作物。另外,一些河流水量将大大减少甚至干涸,饮用水源遭到破坏;昔日绕道而行的台风将频频袭击日本,致使短时间内大量降水,洪水泛滥,城市淹没,山体滑坡,交通中断。而最为严重的影响,将是地球上数以百万计的人由于海岸线受侵蚀、海岸被淹没和农业生产遭破坏而被迫离开家园。

最新的一项研究表明,到本世纪末,地球平均气温将比现在升高3℃。这一预测是以近年来地球气温升高的现象和温室效应为依据的。温室效应,在物理学上是指透射阳光的密闭空间由于与外界缺乏对流等热交换而产生的保温效应。大气层中的二氧化碳在大气层中的含量直接影响着地表热量向空间散失,使大气层保持一定的热能。二氧化碳在大气层中的含量直接影响着地表气温,当大气层中的二氧化碳增加时,地表气温就相应升高。科学家认为,大气中的二氧化碳在地球环境的演化中起了极其重要的作用,如果没有大气层的保温作用,全球气温将为-40℃,而现在全球平均气温为16℃。科学家们预言,人类如不采取果断和必要的措施,到2030年,大气中二氧化碳的含量将比1850年工业革命时增加一倍。

导致大气层中二氧化碳含量上升的原因是显而易见的。工业革命开始以后,化石燃料(煤炭、石油、天然气)的燃烧量越来越大,使大气中二氧化碳的浓度不断增加。同时,雷击、虫害、砍伐造成的森林火灾、草地衰退和森林破坏也使能够吸收二氧化碳的绿色植物遭到破坏。所以,要控制全球变暖,必须改变能源结构,大力植树造林。有科学家指出,只有以核燃料代替化石燃料,才能从根本上防止温室效应的加剧。

气候是人类赖以生存的条件,全球气候变暖是人类自身活动所造成的灾难。我们必须树立全球共同性的大气环境观念,为自身的生存和发展,爱护头顶上的这片蓝天。

18.下列对”温室效应”这一概念的理解,准确的一项是(▲)

A.指由于与外界缺乏对流等热交换,能够接受阳光的一定的密闭空间中所产生的一种保温效应。

B.指二氧化碳等温室气体剧增以后,又与外界缺乏对流等热交换,从而使地表气温相应升高的效应。

C.指在接受阳光的密闭空间中能够影响地表气温的二氧化碳含量增加,使地表气温相应升高的效应。

D.指大气层中主要的温室气体,通过减少地表热量向空间散失,在特定密闭空间中产生的.保温效应。

19.根据原文,全球气温变暖带来的影响最严重的一项是(▲)

A.河流水量减少甚至干涸,饮用水源遭到破坏,导致不少地区沙漠扩大,疾病流行。

B.肆虐的冬季风暴将变得司空见惯,一些地区会因为过于干旱而无法种植各类作物。

C.数以百万计的人因海岸线受侵蚀、海岸被淹没和农业生产遭破坏而被迫离开家园。

D.台风频频袭击,致使短时间内大量降水,洪水泛滥,城市淹没,山体滑坡,交通中断。

20.下列对”全球气候变暖是人类自身活动所造成的灾难”这句话的理解,不正确的一项是(▲)

A.世界各国迟迟不采取果断和必要的措施,不改变能源结构和大力植树造林,以致大气层的温室效应越来越严重。

B.1850年工业革命以来,大量开采和燃烧煤炭、石油、天然气化石燃料的结果,大大增加了大气层中温室气体的含量。

C.由于人类无限制的破坏,地球上大片森林和草地急剧消失,沙漠进一步扩大,使得地表气温也随之不断升高。

D.因雷击和虫害而造成的森林火灾、草地衰退,导致能够吸收二氧化碳的植被日益减少,而人类对此却束手无策。

21.根据原文提供的信息,以下推断不正确的一项是(▲)

A.非洲是受全球变暖影响最广的地区,人类如果能从根本上防止温室效应的加剧,那么非洲因此而受益的面积也将最广。

B.一旦人类能够控制大气层中二氧化碳的含量,从根本上防止温室效应加剧,那么滑雪运动在欧洲将能继续,台风将远离日本。

C.为避免增加大气层中二氧化碳的含量,一些科学家主张用核燃料代替化石燃料,可见使用核燃料不会产生二氧化碳。

D.假如大气层中二氧化碳的浓度持续降低,全球气温就有可能持续降低,人类也许将面临另一场全球变冷的挑战。

三、小作文(30分)

请以"开考时刻"为题,写一篇200-250字左右的短文。(最多不要超过300字)

提示:适当描写场景,着重写出自己的心情。

答案

一、基础知识与运用

1.萃旷纤哗

2.略

飞流直下三千尺,疑是银河落九天。天门中断楚江开,碧水东流至此回。三万里河东入海,五千仞岳上摩天。

3.C(A:否定词“不”误用;B:缺必要的宾语“意识”;D:前后不一致,一面和两面不搭配,应去掉后面的“是否”。)

4.不到北京,何以能说到了中国?不到八达岭长城,又何以能说到了北京?

5.CBD见补充习题88页

二、阅读理解

(一)、

6.神木体形巨大,历史悠久,所以被冠名为”神木”

7.人们连说话都是悄悄的,没有去打扰这些鱼、鸟、兽,它们也没有必要出来四散逃窜,所以它们就在游客身边,说明游客的环保意识很强,在这里,人与自然是融洽的、和谐的。

8.作者可以感觉到山林的幽静,”如蝉、如蝇、如蚊”三个比喻写出了山林里若有若无的声音,以声反衬静。

9.作者领略了阿里山美丽的风光,如同见到了一位美丽的阿里山姑娘,他也坚信阿里山的山水可以养育出如山水般清新脱俗的阿里山姑娘,他并不遗憾,这个姑娘已被他装在心里了。(或作者不会感到遗憾,阿里山姑娘只是一种美的象征,作者在美丽的阿里山山水中已经看到了阿里山的姑娘,并把她永远放在了心里。)

(二)、10.(1)大约(2)像北斗星那样(3)因为(4)停留

11.忽然间向远处游去了,来来往往,轻快敏捷,好像跟游览的人逗乐。

12.作者刚开始是无忧无虑、欣然而往的,但在环境的刺激下,作者感到了自己内心深处的忧伤、苦闷。作者因为当时谪居永州,满腹宏图大志不得施展,怀着一种愤懑不平的苦闷心情。

13.因为小石潭”全石以为底,近岸,卷石底以出,为坻,为屿,为嵁,为岩”,所以水与各种形状的石头碰撞,发出清脆悦耳的声音。

(三)、14.解衣欲睡/月色入户/欣然起行/念无与为乐者/遂至承天寺寻张怀民。

15.(1)消散(2)参与,这里指欣赏(3)睡觉(4)只是

16.(1)潜游在水中的鱼争相跳出水面。

(2)我们一起在庭院中散步。

17.(1)猿鸟乱鸣沉鳞竞跃庭下如积水空明,水中藻、荇交横,盖竹柏影也。

(2)山川月色(月夜)热爱自然,沉醉山水(意思对即可)

但少闲人如吾两人者耳

(四)、A、C、D、B

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